Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of electropulsing treatment on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article was retracted on 01 June 2018

This article has been updated

Abstract

Electropulsing treatment (EPT) provided a promising technology to improve the microstructure and plasticity of the cold-rolled Ti-6Al-4V noticeably while only affecting the strength mildly. Thus, titanium alloy of high plasticity and good comprehensive property can be obtained by this high efficient processing method. The research found that the tensile ductility could be improved largely with the increasing frequency. In the low frequency, the maximum ductility (32.5%) could be obtained at 293 Hz-EPT. Under high-frequency EPT, plasticity has a slight decrease but the tensile strength increases in the contrary. With the help of multi-characterization, abstracting phenomena are explained and therefore the conclusion has been drawn that the whole process of increasing frequency EPT can be divided roughly into two periods: (a) recrystallization period in the low frequency, at this period athermal effect of the EPT played a leading role and (b) phase change period in the high frequency, at this period the other important factor of the EPT thermal effect was predominant. As a comparison, furnace heat treatment is conducted to prove the preferential phase transition instead of complete recrystallization under the single heating effect. The mechanism of the results can be discussed by the competitive mechanism of recrystallization process and phase change in the EPT processing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
FIG. 6
FIG. 7
FIG. 8
FIG. 9
FIG. 10
FIG. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 01 June 2018

    This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.48

References

  1. M. Boivineau, C. Cagran, D. Doytier, V. Eyraud, M. Nadal, B. Wilthan, and G. Pottlacher: Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) alloy. Int. J. Thermophys. 27(2), 507 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Gurrappa: Characterization of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for chemical, marine and industrial applications. Mater. Charact. 51(2), 131 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.A. Khan, R.L. Williams, and D.F. Williams: The corrosion behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V, Ti–6Al–7Nb and Ti–13Nb–13Zr in protein solutions. Biomaterials 20(7), 631 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. F.J. Gil and J.A. Planell: Behaviour of normal grain growth kinetics in single phase titanium and titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 283(1), 17 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. O.A. Troitskii and V.I. Likhtman: Anisotropy of the effect of electron-beam and α-irradiation on the deformation process of zinc single crystals in the brittle state. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 148, 332 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Y.B. Jiang, G.Y. Tang, C. Shek, Y.H. Zhu, and Z.H. Xu: On the thermodynamics and kinetics of electropulsing induced dissolution of beta-Mg17Al12 phase in an aged Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy. Acta Mater. 57(16), 4797 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Yanbin, T. Guoyi, S. Chanhung, Z. Yaohua, G. Lei, W. Shaonan, and X. Zhuohui: Improved ductility of aged Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy strip by electropulsing treatment. J. Mater. Res. 24(5), 1810 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A.A. Potapova and V.V. Stolyarov: Deformability and structural features of shape memory TiNi alloys processed by rolling with current. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 579, 114 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. V.E. Gromov and V.A. Petrunin: Localization of plastic-deformation under conditions of electro-stimulated drawing. Phys. Status Solidi A 139(1), 77 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. V.E. Gromov: Influence of current pulses in plastic deformation on the macrostructure of austenitic chromomanganese steel. Soviet Phys. J. 34(9), 813 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Lei, T. Guoyi, J. Yanbin, and P.K. Chu: Texture evolution in cold-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy during electropulsing treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 487(1–2), 309 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  12. R.F. Zhu, J.N. Liu, G.Y. Tang, S.Q. Shi, and M.W. Fu: Properties, microstructure and texture evolution of cold rolled Cu strips under electropulsing treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 544, 203 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Conrad: Effects of electric current on solid state phase transformations in metals. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 287(2), 227 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Okazaki, M. Kagawa, and H. Conrad: Effects of strain rate, temperature and interstitial content on the electroplastic effect in titanium. Scr. Metall. 13(6), 473 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. V.E. Gromov, Y.F. Ivanov, O.A. Stolboushkina, and S.V. Konovalov: Dislocation substructure evolution on Al creep under the action of the weak electric potential. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527 (3), 858 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. V.E. Gromov, Y.F. Ivanov, V.V. Sizov, S.V. Vorob Ev, and S.V. Konovalov: Increase in the fatigue durability of stainless steel by electron-beam surface treatment. J. Surf. Invest. 7(1), 94 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. V.E. Gromov, S.V. Gorbunov, Y.F. Ivanov, S.V. Vorobiev, and S.V. Konovalov: Formation of surface gradient structural-phase states under electron-beam treatment of stainless steel. J. Surf. Invest. 5(5), 974 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y.H. Zhu, S. To, W.B. Lee, X.M. Liu, Y.B. Jiang, and G.Y. Tang: Effects of dynamic electropulsing on microstructure and elongation of a Zn-Al alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 501(1–2), 125 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y.H. Zhu, S. To, W. Lee, X.M. Liu, Y.B. Jiang, and G.Y. Tang: Electropulsing-induced phase transformations in a Zn-Al-based alloy. J. Mater. Res. 24(8), 2661 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Zhang, S. To, Y.H. Zhu, H. Wang, and G.Y. Tang: Static electropulsing-induced microstructural changes and their effect on the ultra-precision machining of cold-rolled AZ91 alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43A(4), 1341 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R.D. Doherty, D.A. Hughes, F.J. Humphreys, J.J. Jonas, D.J. Jensen, M.E. Kassner, W.E. King, T.R. McNelley, H.J. McQueen, and A.D. Rollett: Current issues in recrystallization: A review. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 238(2), 219 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. D.W. Oxtoby: Homogeneous nucleation: Theory and experiment. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 4(38), 7627 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  23. K. Okazaki, M. Kagawa, and H. Conrad: A study of the electroplastic effect in metals. Scr. Metall. 12(11), 1063 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. L. Guan, G.Y. Tang, P.K. Chu, and Y.B. Jiang: Enhancement of ductility in Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy with tilted basal texture by electropulsing. J. Mater. Res. 24(12), 3674 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Yanbin, T. Guoyi, G. Lei, W. Shaonan, X. Zhuohui, S. Chanhung, and Z. Yaohua: Effect of electropulsing treatment on solid solution behavior of an aged Mg alloy AZ61 strip. J. Mater. Res. 23(10), 2685 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. X.L. Wang, J.D. Guo, Y.M. Wang, X.Y. Wu, and B.Q. Wang: Segregation of lead in Cu-Zn alloy under electric current pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 6, 619 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  27. K. Renard, H. Idrissi, D. Schryvers, and P.J. Jacques: On the stress state dependence of the twinning rate and work hardening in twinning-induced plasticity steels. Scr. Mater. 66(12), 966 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J.H. Kim, W.S. Park, M.S. Chun, J.J. Kim, J.H. Bae, M.H. Kim, and J.M. Lee: Effect of pre-straining on low-temperature mechanical behavior of AISI 304L. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 543, 50 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Correa, M. Aguilar, E. Silva, and P.R. Cetlin: The effect of sequential tensile and cyclic torsion straining on work hardening of steel and brass. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 142(1), 282 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. E. Demir, D. Raabe, and F. Roters: The mechanical size effect as a mean-field breakdown phenomenon: Example of microscale single crystal beam bending. Acta Mater. 58(5), 1876 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H.J. McQueen and C. Imbert: Dynamic recrystallization: Plasticity enhancing structural development. J. Alloys Compd. 378(1–2), 35 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Liu, M. Salahshoor, S.N. Melkote, and T. Marusich: A unified internal state variable material model for inelastic deformation and microstructure evolution in SS304. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 594, 352 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M.C. Mataya, E.R. Nilsson, E.L. Brown, and G. Krauss: Hot working and recrystallization of as-cast 317L. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 34A(12), 3021 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M.L. Xiao, F.G. Li, H.F. Xie, and Y.F. Wang: Characterization of strengthening mechanism and hot deformation behavior of powder metallurgy molybdenum. Mater. Des. 34, 112 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. L. Zhang, Z. Li, Q. Lei, W.T. Qiu, and H.T. Luo: Hot deformation behavior of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si-0.15Mg alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528(3), 1641 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. M.H. Wang, Y.F. Li, W.H. Wang, J. Zhou, and A. Chiba: Quantitative analysis of work hardening and dynamic softening behavior of low carbon alloy steel based on the flow stress. Mater. Des. 45, 384 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. F. Chen, Z.S. Cui, and S.J. Chen: Recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoV ultra-super-critical rotor steel during hot deformation. Part I: Dynamic recrystallization. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528(15), 5073 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Y.C. Lin, J. Deng, Y.Q. Jiang, D.X. Wen, and G. Liu: Effects of initial delta phase on hot tensile deformation behaviors and fracture characteristics of a typical Ni-based superalloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 598, 251 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEGMENTS

The work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50571048) and Shenzhen science and technology research funding project of China (No. SGLH20121008144756946).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China

    Xiaoxin Ye, Guoyi Tang, Guolin Song & Jie Kuang

  2. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China

    Xiaoxin Ye & Guoyi Tang

Authors
  1. Xiaoxin Ye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guoyi Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Guolin Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jie Kuang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guoyi Tang.

Additional information

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.48

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ye, X., Tang, G., Song, G. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of electropulsing treatment on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Journal of Materials Research 29, 1500–1512 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.171

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.171

Search

Navigation