Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T15:57:30.567Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ascorbic Acid in Poultry: a Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

S. L. Pardue  and
J. Paul Thaxton
S. L. Pardue
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry ScienceNorth Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
J. Paul Thaxton
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry ScienceNorth Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
Get access

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 42 , Issue 2 , June 1986 , pp. 107 - 123
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmad, M. M., Moreng, R. E. and Muller, H. D. (1967). Breed responses in body temperature to elevated environmental temperature and ascorbic acid. Poultry Science 46: 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arneja, D. V., Chand, D. V. and Georgie, G. C. (1981). Age influenced variations in polasma cholesterol. testicular cholesterol and testicular ascorbic acid of prepubertal turkeys (Melagris gallopavo). Acta Veterinaria Brno 50: 53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arscott, G. H., Rachapaetayakam, P. and Berneir, P. E. (1962). Influence of ascorbic acid calcium and phosphorus on specific gravity of eggs. Poultry Science 41: 485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attia, M. EI-S. (1976). Effect of different levels of vitamin-C on body temperature of White Russian birds during heat stress. Egyptian Veterinary Medical Journal 24: 111.Google Scholar
Attia, M. El-S., Fathy, I. M. and Attia, A. M. N. (1978). The effect of dietary vitamin C on the severity of coccidiosis in Fayoumi chicks. Egyptian Veterinary Medical Journal 26: 65.Google Scholar
Bell, T. A., Satierfield, G. H. and Cook, F. W. (1941). “Leg weakness” in laying hens on an ascorbic acid-free diet. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 48: 473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beniot, J. (1950). Traite de Zoologie, Tome, XV, Oiseaux, P. P., Grasse, (ed.). Masson and Co., Paris.Google Scholar
Bessey, O. A. and King, C. G. (1933). The distribution of vitamin C in plant and animal tissues and its determination. Journal of Biological Chemistry 103: 687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, T. K. and Ghosh, A. (1970). Influence of surgical and steroidal bursectomy on the behavior of adrenal ascorbic acid during stress in juvenile pigeons. General and Comparative Endocrinology 15: 420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breitenbach, R. P. (1962). The effect of ACTH on adrenocortical secretion and ascorbic acid depletion in normal and testosterone-treated cockerels. Poultry Science 41: 1318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, G. M. Jr., Luckey, T. D., Elvehjem, C. A. and Hart, E. B. (1944). Effect of ascorbic acid on chick growth when added to purified rations. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 55: 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challey, J. R. (1960). The effect of cecal coccidiosis infections and experimental hemorrhage upon adrenal ascorbic acid levels in the chicken. Journal of Parasitology 46: 727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chand, D., Arbeha, D. V. and Arora, K. L. (1978). Relation of testicular ascorbic acid concentration to testicular development in Desi and White Leghorn poultry. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 16: 676.Google ScholarPubMed
Chatterjee, I. B. (1973). Vitamin C synthesis in animals: Evolutinary trend. Science Culture 39: 210.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, C. R. and Chatterjee, I. B. (1969). L-ascorbic acid synthesis in birds: Phylogenetic trend. Science 164: 435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, A. A-T. and Nockels, C. F. (1973). The effects of dietary vitamin C. protein. strain and age on egg quality, production and serum and albumen protein of chickens. Poultry Science 52: 1862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, M. J. and Richards, T. G. (1971). The liver with special reference to bile formation. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl, vol. 2, Bell, D. J. and Freman, B. M. (eds.). Academic Press. London.Google Scholar
DeGroot, T. H. and Hirschfeld, W. K. (1940). The ascorbic acid content of fowl's blood. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 67: 953.Google Scholar
de Nicola, A. F., Clayman, M. and Johnstone, R. M. (1968). Hormonal control of ascorbic acid transport in rat adrenal glands. Endocrinology 82: 436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dieter, M. P. (1969). Hormonal control of the synthesis and distribution of ascorbic acid in cockerels. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 130: 210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dieter, M. P. and Breitenbach, R. P. (1968). The growth of chicken lymphoid organs, testes and adrenals in relation to the oxidation state and concentration of adrenal and lymphoid organ vitamin C. Poultry Science 47: 1463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietrich, L. S., Nichol, C. A., Monson, W. J. and Elvehjem, C. A. (1949). Observations on the interrelation of vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin C in the chick. Journal of Biological Chemistry 181: 915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dorr, P. and Balloun, S. L. (1976). Effect of dietary vitamin A. ascorbic acid and their interaction on turkey bone mineralization. British Poultry Science 17: 581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorr, P. E. and Nockels, C. F. (1971). Effects of aging and dietary ascorbic acid on tissue ascorbic acid in the domestic hen. Poultry Science 50: 1376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dvorak, M. (1974). Effects of corticotrophin, starvation and glucose on ascorbic acid levels in blood plasma and liver of piglets. Nutrition and Metabolism 16: 215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Boushy, A. R., Simons, P. C. M. and Wiertz, G. (1968). Structure and ultra-structure of the hen's egg shell as influenced by environmental temperature. humidity and vitamin C additions. Poultry Science 47: 456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elton, R. L., Zarrow, I. G. and Zarrow, M. X. (1959). Depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol: A comparitive study. Endocrinology 65: 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmett, A. D. and Peacock, G. E. (1922). The chick as an experimental animal in vitamin studies. A preliminary report. Journal of Biological Chemistry 50: x1.Google Scholar
Emmett, A. D. and Peacock, G. F. (1923). Does the chick require the fat-soluble vitamins? Journal of Biological Chemistry 56: 679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1967). Effect of stress on the ascorbie acid content of the adrenal gland of Gallus domesticus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 23: 303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1968). Depletion of ascorbie acid from the adrenal of the intact embryo of Gallus domesticus by adrenocorticotrophic hormone or histamine. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 24: 905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, B. M. (1969). The bursa of Fabricius and adrenal cortical activity in Gallus domesticus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 29: 639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, B. M. (1970). The effects of adrenocorticortirophic hormone on adrenal weight and adrenal ascorbic acid in the normal and bursectomized fowl. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 32: 755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1980). Ascorbic acid and adrenal cortical activity in the immature domestic fowl. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A: 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M., Chubb, L. G. and Pearson, A. W. (1966). Some effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on bursectomized and intact chickens. In: Physiology of the Domestic Fowl, Horton-Smith, C. and Amoroso, E. C. (eds.). Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. p. 103.Google Scholar
Freeman, B. M., Manning, A. C. C. and Flack, I. H. (1983). Dietary ascorbic acid or procaine penicillin and the response of the immature fowl to stressors. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 74A: 51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giroud, A., Santa, N. and Martinet, M. (1940). Variations de l'homme corticale en fonction de I'acide ascorbique. Comptes Rendus des seances De Le Societe De Biologie et de ses Filiales 134: 23.Google Scholar
Glick, B., Chang, T. S. and Jaap, R. G. (1956). The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production. Poultry Science 35: 224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, R. H. and Waldroup, P. W. (1961). The influence of dietary calcium level and supplementary ascorbic acid and/or dienestrol diacetate upon performance of egg production type hens. Poultry Science 40: 1345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, W. A., Harden, T. E. and Dawson, E. B. (1979). Apparent effect of ascorbic acid medication on semen metal levels. Fertility and Sterility 32: 455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, E. B., Steenbock, H., Lepkovsky, S. and Halpin, J. G. (1925). The nutritional requirement of the chicken. VI. Does the chicken require vitamin C? Journal of Biological Chemistry 66: 813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauge, S. M. and Carrick, C. W. (1926). The antiscorbutic vitamin in poultry nutrition. Poultry Science: 166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haworth, W. N. and Hirst, E. L. (1933). Synthesis of ascorbic acid. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 52: 645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrick, R. B. and Nockels, C. F. (1969). Effect of a high level of dietary ascorbic acid on egg quality. Poultry Science 48: 1518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heywang, B. W. and Kemmerer, A. R. (1955). The effect of procaine penicillin and ascorbie acid on egg weight and shell thickness during hot weather. Poultry Science 34: 1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heywang, B. W., Reid, B. L. and Kemmerer, A. R. (1964). Effect of sodium ascorbate on egg shell thickness during hot weather. Poultry Science 43: 625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, C. H. and Garren, H. W. (1955). The effect of high levels of vitamins on the resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 63: 186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, C. H. and Garren, H. W. (1958). Plasma ascorbic acid levels of chicks with fowl typhoid. Poultry Science 38: 236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, C. H., Garren, H. W., Kelley, J. W. and Barber, C. W. (1955). Influence of high levels of vitamins on resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 88: 535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, D. C., Slinger, S. J. and Marcellus, F. N. (1945). Tolerance of chicks for diets high in tyrosine. Poultry Science 24: 234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, A. D., Tripp, F. and Satterfield, G. H. (1938). The ascorbic acid content of chick blood. Journal of Nutrition 16: 407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, A. D., Tripp, F. and Satterfield, G. H. (1939). The ascorbic acid content of blood plasma of laying hens. Poultry Science 18: 192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holst, W. F. and Halbrook, E. R. (1933). A “scurvy-like” disease in chicks. Science 77: 354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, A. N. and Constable, B. J. (1958). The metabolism of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and ascorbic acid in the chick. Biochemical Journal 69: 501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, J. R. and Aitken, J. R. (1962). Studies on the influence on ascorbic acid on shell quality. Poultry Science 41: 219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jailer, J. W. and Boas, N. F. (1950). The inability of epinephrine or adreno-corticotropic hormone to deplete the ascorbic acid content of the chick adrenal. Endocrinology 46: 314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Josephson, E. S., Taylor, P. J., Greenberg, J. and Nadel, E. M. (1949). The ascorbic acid content of the adrenal glands of chicks infected with Plasmodium Gallinaceum. Journal of the National Malaria Society 8: 132.Google ScholarPubMed
Jungck, E. C., Maddock, W. O., Ban Brogen, J. T. and Heller, C. G. (1947). Blood vitamins A, C and E and seminal fluid vitamin C in human male sterility. Federation Proceedings 6: 139.Google Scholar
Kafri, I. and Cherry, J. A. (1984). Supplemental ascorbic acid and heat stress in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 63: (suppl. 1): 125.Google Scholar
Kechik, I. T. and Sykes, A. H. (1974). Effect of dietary ascorbic acid on the performance of laying hens under warm environmental conditions. British Poultry Science 15: 449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kechik, I. T. and Sykes, A. H. (1978a). Effect of hormones and acute environmental stress on plasma ascorbic acid in the fowl. Malaysian Applied Biology 7: 105.Google Scholar
Kechik, I. T. and Sykes, A. H. (1978b). Effect of complete starvation on plasma and tissue ascorbic acid concentration. Malaysian Applied Biology 7: 81.Google Scholar
Kechik, I. T. and Sykes, A. H. (1979). The effect of intestinal coccidiosis on blood and tissue ascorbic acid concentrations. British Journal of Nutrition 42: 97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, C. G. and Waugh, W. A. (1932). The chemical nature of vitamin C. Science 75: 357–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lepp, A., Moore, P. R., Elvehjem, C. A. and Hart, E. B. (1947). Effect of vitamin C on hemoglobin production in chicks. Poultry Science 26: 594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, S. (1976). Vitamin C: Its Molecular Biology and Medical Potential. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Little, P. L. and Edgar, S. A. (1971). The effect of vitamin C on performance of coccidia-infected chickens fed complete and vitamin-deficient semi-purified diets. Poultry Science 50: 26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Long, C. N. H. (1947). The conditions associated with the secretion of the adrenal cortex. Endocrinology 6: 461.Google ScholarPubMed
Lotze, H. (1938). Clinical experimental investigations in benign malaria. Tropical Disease Bulletin 35: 733.Google Scholar
Lyle, G. R. and Moreng, R. E. (1968). Elevated environmental temperature and duration of post exposure ascorbic acid administration. Poultry Science 47: 410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
March, B. and Biely, J. (1953). The effect of ascorbic acid on the growth rate of chicks. Poultry Science 32: 768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martini, E. and Torda, C. (1937). The effect of high temperature on the ascorbic acid content of guinea-pig organs. Klin. Wochschr. 16: 1763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCorkle, F., Taylor, R., Stinson, R., Day, E. J. and Glick, B. (1980). The effects of a megalevel of vitamin C on the immune response of the chicken. Poultry Science 59: 1324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKee, R. W., Cobbey, T. S. and Geiman, Q. M. (1947). Observations on the action of ascorbic acid in adrenal cortical function. Federation Proceedings 6: 276.Google ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, H. H., Kendall, F. E. and Cand, L. E. (1923). The vitamin requirements of growing chickens. Poultry Science 2: 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nathan, D. B., Heller, E. D. and Perke, M. (1976). The effect of short heat stress upon leucocyte count, plasma corticosterone level. plasma and leucocyte ascorbic acid content. British Poultry Science 17: 481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nestor, K. E., Touchburn, S. P. and Treiber, M. (1972). The influence of dietary ascorbic acid on blood ascorbic acid level and egg production of turkeys. Poultry Science 51: 1676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nir, I., Yamp, P. and Perek, M. (1975). Effects of stress on the corticosterone content of the blood plasma and adrenal gland of intact and bursectomized Gallus domesticus. Poultry Science 54: 2101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nockels, C. F. (1973). The influence of feeding ascorbic acid and sulfate on egg production and on cholesterol content of certain tissues of the hen. Poultry Science 52: 373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nockels, C. R., Lopez, G. A. and Phillips, R. W. (1973). Influence of vitamins A and C on corticosterone and carbohydrate metabolism in chickens. Poultry Science 52: 1261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardue, S. L. (1983). Relationship of ascorbic acid to physiological stress in the domestic fowl. PhD Dissertation. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Google Scholar
Pardue, S. L. and Thaxton, J. P. (1982). Enhanced livability and improved immunological responsiveness in ascorbic acid supplemented cockerels during acute heat stress. Poultry Science 61: 1522.Google Scholar
Pardue, S. L. and Thaxton, J. P. (1984). Evidence of amelioration of steroid mediated immunosuppression by ascorbic acid. Poultry Science 63: 1262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardue, S. L., Thaxton, J. P. and Brake, J. (1985). Role of ascorbic acid in chicks exposed to high environmental temperature. Journal of Applied Physiology 58: 1511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardue, S. L., Thaxton, J. P. and Brake, J. (1984a). Influence of supplemental ascorbic acid on broiler performance following exposure to high environmental temperature. Poultry Science 64: 1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardue, S. L., Thaxton, J. P. and Brake, J. (1984b). Plasma ascorbie acid concentration following ascorbic acid loading in chicks. Poultry Science 63: 2492–2496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauling, L. (1976). Vitamin C, the Common Cold and the Flu. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco.Google Scholar
Pepper, W. F., Winget, C. M. and Slinger, S. J. (1961). Influence of calcium and ascorbic acid on egg shell quality. Poultry Science 40: 657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perek, M. and Eckstein, B. (1959). The adrenal ascorbic acid content of molting hens and the effect of ACTH on the adrenal ascorbic acid content of laying hens. Poultry Science 38: 996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perek, M., Eckstein, B. and Eshkol, Z. (1959). The effect of ACTH on adrenal ascorbic acid in laying hens. Endrocinology 64: 831.Google ScholarPubMed
Perek, M. and Eilat, A. (1960a). Effect of removal of bursa Fabricii on depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid in ACTH-treated chicks. Endrocinology 66: 304.Google ScholarPubMed
Perek, M. and Eilat, A. (1960b). The bursa of Fabricius and adrenal ascorbic acid depletion following ACTH injections in chicks. Endrocinology 20: 251.Google ScholarPubMed
Perek, M. and Kendler, J. (1962). Vitamin C supplementation to hens diets in a hot climate. Poultry Science 41: 677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perek, M. and Kendler, J. (1963). Ascorbic acid as a dietary supplement for White Leghorn hens under conditions of climatic stress. British Poultry Science 4: 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perek, M. and Snapir, N. (1963). Seasonal variations in semen production of different breeds of cocks and the effect of vitamin C feed supplementation upon the semen of White Rocks. British Poultry Science 4: 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plimmer, R. H. A. and Rosedale, J. L. (1923). The rearing of chickens on the intensive system. Part IV. C-vitamin requirements of chickens and other birds. Biochemical Journal 17: 787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poisson, J. P. (1975). Metabolism of L-ascorbic acid and 2-3, diketo L-gulonic acid by guinea pigs during short fast. Anules de la Nutrition et del Alimentation 29: 117.Google Scholar
Ramp, W. K. and Thornton, P. A. (1966). Skeletal response to exogenous ascorbic acid by vitamin D3 deficient chicks. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biloogy and Medicine 121: 1248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ray, S. N. (1934). A note on the presence of vitamin C in the chick embryo. Biochemical Journal 28: 189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reichstein, T., Grussner, A. and Oppenaver, R. (1933). Die synthese der d-ascorbinsavne (d-form des C-vitamins). Helvetica Chimica Acta 16: 561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowland, L. O. Jr., Roland, D. A. Sr., and Harms, R. H. (1973). Ascorbic acid as related to tibia strength in spent hens. Poultry Science 52: 347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satterfield, G. H., Bell, T. A., Cook, F. W. and Holmes, A. D. (1945). Effect of ascorbic acid injections on the amount in the blood plasma of laying hens. Poultry Science 24: 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satterfield, G. H., Bell, T. A., Cook, F. W. and Holmes, A. D. (1947). Vitamin C content of hen's vital organs after long continued ascorbic acid injections. Poultry Science 26: 163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayers, G., Sayers, M. A., Lewis, H. L. and Long, C. N. H. (1944). Effect of adrenotropic hormone on ascorbic acid and cholesterol content of the adrenal. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 55: 238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayers, G., Sayers, M. A., Liang, T-Y. and Long, C. N. H. (1945). The cholesterol and ascorbic acid content of the adrennal, liver, brain and plasma following haemorrhage. Endorcinology 37: 96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayers, G., Sayers, M. A., Liang, T-Y. and Long, C. N. H. (1946). The effects of pituitary adrenotrophic hormone on the cholesterol and ascorbic acid content of the adrenal of the rat and the guinea pig. Endocrinology 38: 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmeling, S. K. and Nockels, C. F. (1978). Effects of age, sex and ascorbic acid ingestion on chicken plasma corticosteronc levels. Poultry Science 57: 527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scrimshaw, N. S. and Goodland, R. I. (1949). Variations in the ascorbic acid blood level of hens. Poultry Science 28: 45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorten, J. A. and Ray, C. B. (1921). The antiscorbutic and antiberiberi properties of certain sun-dried vegetables. Biochemical Journal 15: 174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, H. S. (1971). Adrenals, stress and the environemnt. World's Poultry Science Journal 27: 327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sifri, M., Kratzer, F. H. and Norris, L. C. (1977). Lack of effect of ascorbic and citric acids on calcium metabolism of chickens. Journal of Nutrition 107: 1484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Squibb, R. L., Braham, J. E., Guzman, M. and Scrimshaw, N. S. (1955). Blood serum total proteins. riboflavin, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and vitamin A of New Hampshire chickens infected with coryza, cholera or Newcastle disease. Poultry Science 34: 1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, D. W., McKernan, J. B. and Haufrect, D. B. (1967). An androgenic basis for the sexual difference in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in rats. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 126: 464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiura, K. and Benedict, S. R. (1923). A study of the adequacy of certain synthetic diets for the nutrition of pigeons. Journal of Biological Chemistry 55: 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, T. W. and Kingan, J. R. (1962). Effect of dietary calcium level, calcium lactate and ascorbic acid on the egg production of S.C. White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 41: 1596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svirbely, J. L. and Szent-Gyorgyi, A. (1932b). The chemical nature of vitamin C. Biochemical Journal 26: 865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sykes, A. H. (1978). Vitamin C for poultry-Some recent research. Roche SymposiumLondon.Google Scholar
Szent-Gyorgyi, A. (1927). The chemical of the adrenal cortex. Nature 119: 782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szent-Gyorgyi, A. (1928). Observations on the function of peroxidase systems and the chemistry of the adrenal cortex. Description of a new carbohydrate derivative. Biochemical Journal 22: 1387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, E. M., Staley, M. G., Kight, M. A. and Mayfield, M. E. (1959). The effect of high environmental temperature on basal metabolism and serum ascorbic acid concentration of women. Journal of Nutrition 68: 35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornton, P. A. (1960). The influence of dietary protein level on the response of S.C. White Leghorns to supplementary ascorbic acid. Poultry Science 39: 1072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, P. A. (1961). Increased environmental temperature influences on ascorbic acid activity in the domestic fowl. Federation Proceedings 20: 158.Google Scholar
Thornton, P. A. (1962). The effect of environmental temperature on body temperature and oxygen uptake by the chicken. Poultry Science 41: 1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, P. A. (1970). Influence of exogenous ascorbic acid on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the chick. Journal of Nutrition 100: 1479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornton, P. A. and Deeb, S. S. (1961). The influence of thyroid regulators on blood ascorbic acid levels in the chicken. Poultry Science 40: 1063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, P. A. and Moreng, R. E. (1958). The effect of ascorbic acid on egg quality factors. Poultry Science 37: 691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, P. A. and Moreng, R. E. (1959). Further evidence on the value of ascorbic acid for maintenance of shell quality in warm environmental temperature. Poultry Science 38: 594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, A., Handler, P., Smith, E. L., Hill, R. L. and Lehman, I. R. (1978). Principles of Biochemistry, Jeffers, J. D., Macnoaw, A., LaBarbera, M. and Armstrong, T. (eds.), McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Yavorsky, M., Almaden, P. and King, C. G. (1934). The vitamin C content of human tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 106: 525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zarrow, M. S. and Baldini, J. T. (1952). Failure of adrenocorticotropin and various stimuli to deplete the ascorbic acid content of the adrenal gland of the quail. Endocrinology 50: 555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarrow, M. S. and Zarrow, I. G. (1950). Ascorbic acid in the adrenal gland of the duck. Anatomical Record 108: 600.Google Scholar