Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T11:48:28.669Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Protease activities and elongation growth of excised cotton seed axes during the first 24 hours of imbibition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Eugene L. Vigil  and
Tung K. Fang
Eugene L. Vigil*
Affiliation:
Climate Stress Laboratory, USDA/ARS, B-046A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705USA
Tung K. Fang
Affiliation:
Climate Stress Laboratory, USDA/ARS, B-046A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705USA
*
*Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Excised axes from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. M-8, a double haploid) were imbibed in vitro for 3,6,9,12,18 and 24 h. Data for length, fresh and dry weight and percentage water showed that excised axes undergo a triphasic pattern of growth: an initial burst, a short lag phase and then protracted rapid growth. Analysis of protein content with SDS-PAGE, and of activities of amino-, carboxy- and endopeptidases provided data indicating a direct correlation between major axis elongation growth between 12 and 24 h and enzymatic breakdown of storage proteins (especially those of 48 kDa) by carboxy- and endopeptidase. Data for axes imbibed at 30°C and 0–5°C for 12, 18 and 24 h indicated that a reduction in length and percentage moisture in the cold occurred in parallel with reductions in carboxy- and endopeptidase activities but not in ami-nopeptidase activity. The tentative conclusion is that carboxy- and endopeptidase are probably synthesized de novo in the axis during imbibition and are important in initial breakdown of storage proteins for axial elongation growth.

Keywords

Cottonaxesstorage proteinpeptidasesin vitro germinationSDS-PAGE
Type
Physiology and Biochemistry
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , December 1995 , pp. 201 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baumgartner, B. and Chrispeels, M.J. (1977) Purification and characterization of vicilin peptidohydrolase, the major endopeptidase in the cotyledons of mung bean seedlings. European Journal of Biochemistry 77, 223–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bain, J.M. and Mercer, F.V. (1966a) Subcellular organization of the cotyledons in germinating seeds and seedlings of Pisum sativum L. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 19, 69–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bain, J.M. and Mercer, F.V. (1966b) The relationship of the axis and the cotyledons in germinating seeds and seedlings of Pisum sativum L. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 19, 85–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chrispeels, M.J. and Boulter, D. (1975) Control of storage protein metabolism in the cotyledons of germinating mung beans: Role of endopeptidase. Plant Physiology 55, 1031–1037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Couton, J.M., Sarath, T. and Wagner, F.W. (1991) Purification and characterization of a soybean cotyledon amino-peptidase. Plant Science 75, 9–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dure, L. III and Chlan, C. (1981) Developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination. XII. Purification and properties of principal storage proteins. Plant Physiology 68, 180–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Augustin, P., Gastaldo, M.J.B. and Primo-Millo, E. (1991) Control by the embryo axis of the breakdown of storage proteins in cotyledons of germinating seeds of Citrus limon. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 56, 435–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ihle, J.N. and Dure, L. III, (1969) Synthesis of a protease in germinating cotton cotyledons catalyzed by mRNA synthesized during embryogenesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 36, 705–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ihle, J.N. and Dure, L. III (1972a) The developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination. I. Purification and properties of carboxypeptidase from germinating cotyledons. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247, 5034–5040.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ihle, J.N. and Dure, L. III (1972b) The developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination. II. Catalytic properties of the cotton carboxypeptidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247, 5041–5047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krochko, J.E. and Bewley, J.D. (1988) Use of electrophoretic techniques in determining the composition of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. Electrophoresis 9, 751–763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural protein during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markwell, M.A., Haas, S.M., Tolbert, N.E. and Bieber, L.L. (1981) Protein determination in membrane and lipo-protein samples: Manual and automated procedures. Methods of Enzymology 72, 296–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitsuhashi, W., Koshiba, T. and Minamikawa, T. (1984) Influence of axis removal on amino-, carboxy- and endopeptidase activities in cotyledons of germinating Vigna mungo seeds. Plant and Cell Physiology 25, 547–554.Google Scholar
Mitsuhashi, W., Koshiba, T. and Minamikawa, T. (1986) Separation and characterization of two endopeptidases from cotyledons of germinating Vigna mungo seeds. Plant Physiology 80, 628–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, D.R. (1979) Proteolysis in the axis of the germinating pea seed. II. Changes in polypeptide composition. Planta 147, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, D.R. (1984) Seed physiology. Vol. 2, pp. 247–279. Sydney, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Murray, D.R., Peoples, M.B. and Waters, S.P. (1979) Proteolysis in the axis of the germinating pea seed. I. Changes in protein degrading enzyme activities of the radicle and primary root. Planta 147, 111–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perner, E. (1965) Electronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Zellen von Embryonen in Zustand volliger Samenruh. II. Die Aleuronkorner in der Radicula lufttrockner Samen von Pisum sativum L. Planta 67, 324–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigil, E.L. and Fang, T.K. (1995) Comparative biochemical and morphological changes in cotton seed hypocotyls and radicles after 24 hours imbibition in situ and in vitro—Protein breakdown and elongation growth. Seed Science Research 5, 41–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigil, E.L., Steere, R.L., Christiansen, M.N. and Erbe, E. (1985) Structural changes in protein bodies of cotton radicles during seed maturation and germination. pp 311–334 in Robards, A.W. (Ed.) Botanical microscopy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Walton, D.C. (1966) Germination of Phaseolus vulgaris I. Resumption of axis growth. Plant Physiology 41, 298–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiley, L. and Ashton, E.M. (1967) Influence of embryonic axis on protein hydrolysis in cotyledons of Cucurbita maximum L. Physiologia Plantarum 20, 688–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yemm, E.W. and Cocking, E.C. (1955) The determination of amino acids with ninhydrin. Analyst 80, 209–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoo, B.Y. (1970) Ultrastructural changes in cells of pea embryo radicles during germination. Journal of Cell Biology 45, 168–171.Google ScholarPubMed
Yu, W.J. and Greenwood, J.S. (1994) Purification and characterization of a cysteine proteinase involved in globulin hydrolysation in germinated Vicia faba L. Journal of Experimental Botany 45, 261–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar