Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T19:09:49.769Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increased fractional anisotropy in cerebellum in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2015

Tue Hartmann ,
Sanne Vandborg ,
Raben Rosenberg ,
Leif Sørensen  and
Poul Videbech
Tue Hartmann*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Risskov, Denmark
Sanne Vandborg
Affiliation:
Clinic for OCD and Anxiety Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Risskov, Denmark
Raben Rosenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Risskov, Denmark
Leif Sørensen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
Poul Videbech
Affiliation:
Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Risskov, Denmark
*
Tue Hartmann, Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark. Tel: +45 6015 7860; Fax: +45 7847 1108; E-mail:tue.hartmann@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Previous morphology and diffusion-imaging studies have suggested that structural changes in white matter is an important part of the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, different methodological approaches and the heterogeneity of patient samples question the validity of the findings.

Materials and methods

In total, 30 patients were matched for age and sex with 30 healthy controls. All participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to compare white matter volumes and diffusion tensor imaging between groups. These data were analysed correcting for the effects of multiple comparisons, age, sex, severity and duration of illness as nuisance covariates. White matter hyperintensities were manually identified.

Results

Increase in fractional anisotropy in cerebellum was the most prominent result. A decrease in fractional anisotrophy in patients comparable with previous studies was located in forceps minor. There were no differences in the white matter morphology or in the white matter hyperintensities between patients and healthy controls.

Conclusion

Decrease in fractional anisotrophy in forceps minor and increase in cerebellum were found, and they were not due to neither white matter hyperintensities nor morphology of the white matter. Cerebellar hyperconnectivity could be an important part of OCD pathophysiology.

Keywords

neuroimagingobsessive–compulsive disorderpathophysiologyprefrontal cortex
Type
Original Articles
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 141 - 148
Check for updates
Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Somers, JM, Goldner, EM, Waraich, P, Hsu, L. Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry 2006;51:100–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Piras, F, Piras, F, Chiapponi, C, Girardi, P, Caltagirone, C, Spalletta, G. Widespread structural brain changes in OCD: a systematic review of voxel-based morphometry studies. Cortex 2015;62:89–108.Google Scholar
3. Menzies, L, Chamberlain, SR, Laird, AR, Thelen, SM, Sahakian, BJ, Bullmore, ET. Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: the orbitofronto-striatal model revisited. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008;32:525–549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Riffkin, J, Yncel, M, Maruff, P et al. A manual and automated MRI study of anterior cingulate and orbito-frontal cortices, and caudate nucleus in obsessive-compulsive disorder: comparison with healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2005;138:99–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Braber den, A, van’t Ent, D, Boomsma, DI et al. White matter differences in monozygotic twins discordant or concordant for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a combined diffusion tensor imaging/voxel-based morphometry study. Biol Psychiatry 2011;70:969–977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Togao, O, Yoshiura, T, Nakao, T et al. Regional gray and white matter volume abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res 2010;184:29–37.Google Scholar
7. Szeszko, PR, Ardekani, BA, Ashtari, M et al. White matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:782–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Yoo, SY, Jang, JH, Shin, YW et al. White matter abnormalities in drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor study before and after citalopram treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007;116:211–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Cannistraro, PA, Makris, N, Howard, JD et al. A diffusion tensor imaging study of white matter in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2007;24:440–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Menzies, L, Williams, GB, Chamberlain, SR et al. White matter abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their first-degree relatives. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165:1308–1315.Google Scholar
11. Saito, Y, Nobuhara, K, Okugawa, G et al. Corpus callosum in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: diffusion-tensor imaging study. Radiology 2008;246:536–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Nakamae, T, Narumoto, J, Shibata, K et al. Alteration of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008;32:1221–1226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Ha, TH, Kang, DH, Park, JS et al. White matter alterations in male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroreport 2009;20:735–739.Google Scholar
14. Garibotto, V, Scifo, P, Gorini, A et al. Disorganization of anatomical connectivity in obsessive compulsive disorder: a multi-parameter diffusion tensor imaging study in a subpopulation of patients. Neurobiol Dis 2010;37:468–476.Google Scholar
15. Bora, E, Harrison, BJ, Fornito, A et al. White matter microstructure in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011;36:42–46.Google Scholar
16. Li, F, Huang, X, Yang, Y et al. Microstructural brain abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: diffusion-tensor MR imaging study at 3.0T. Radiology 2011;260:216–223.Google Scholar
17. Nakamae, T, Narumoto, J, Sakai, Y et al. Diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2011;45:687–690.Google Scholar
18. Benedetti, F, Giacosa, C, Radaelli, D et al. Widespread changes of white matter microstructure in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effect of drug status. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012;3:1–13.Google Scholar
19. Amat, JA, Bronen, RA, Saluja, S et al. Increased number of subcortical hyperintensities on MRI in children and adolescents with Tourette’s syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1106–1108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Konopaske, GT, Dorph-Petersen, K-A, Sweet, RA et al. Effect of chronic antipsychotic exposure on astrocyte and oligodendrocyte numbers in macaque monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:759–765.Google Scholar
21. Tükel, R, Polat, A, Özdemir, Ö, Aksüt, D, Türksoy, N. Comorbid conditions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2002;43:204–209.Google Scholar
22. van den Heuvel, OA, Remijnse, PL, Mataix-Cols, D et al. The major symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder are mediated by partially distinct neural systems. Brain 2009;132(Pt 4):853–868.Google Scholar
23. Koch, K, Wagner, G, Schachtzabel, C et al. White matter structure and symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2012;46:264–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Fontenelle, LF, Mendlowicz, MV, Soares, ID, Versiani, M. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding symptoms: a distinctive clinical subtype? Compr Psychiatry 2004;45:375–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. An, SK, Mataix-Cols, D, Lawrence, NS et al. To discard or not to discard: the neural basis of hoarding symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2009;14:318–331.Google Scholar
26. Fan, Q, Yan, X, Wang, J et al. Abnormalities of white matter microstructure in unmedicated obsessive-compulsive disorder and changes after medication. PLoS One 2012;7:e35889.Google Scholar
27. Wing, JK, Babor, T, Brugha, T et al. SCAN. Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:589–593.Google Scholar
28. Wing, JK, Sartorius, N, Üstün, TB. Diagnosis and Clinical Measurement in Psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998; p. 1–148.Google Scholar
29. Goodman, WK, Price, LH, Rasmussen, SA et al. The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:1006–1011.Google Scholar
30. Smith, SM, Jenkinson, M, Woolrich, MW et al. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage 2004;23(Suppl. 1):S208–S219.Google Scholar
31. Behrens, TEJ, Woolrich, MW, Jenkinson, M et al. Characterization and propagation of uncertainty in diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 2003;50:1077–1088.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Lazaro, L, Castro-Fornieles, J, Cullell, C et al. A voxel-based morphometric MRI study of stabilized obsessive-compulsive adolescent patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011;35:1863–1869.Google Scholar
33. Ashburner, J, Friston, KJ. Voxel-based morphometry – the methods. NeuroImage 2000;11(Pt 1):805–821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34. Duran, FL, Hoexter, MQ, Valente, AAJ, Miguel, EC, Busatto, GF. Association between symptom severity and internal capsule volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2009;452:68–71.Google Scholar
35. Schmahmann, JD. Disorders of the cerebellum: ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004;16:367–378.Google Scholar
36. Stoodley, CJ, Schmahmann, JD. Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing. Cortex 2010;46:831–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Videbech, P, Ravnkilde, B, Pedersen, AR et al. The Danish PET/depression project: PET findings in patients with major depression. Psychol Med 2001;31:1147–1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38. Kim, JJ, Lee, MC, Kim, J et al. Grey matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: statistical parametric mapping of segmented magnetic resonance images. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:330–334.Google Scholar
39. Koprivová, J, Horácek, J, Tintera, J et al. Medial frontal and dorsal cortical morphometric abnormalities are related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2009;464:62–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40. Pujol, J, Soriano-Mas, C, Alonso, P et al. Mapping structural brain alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:720–730.Google Scholar
41. Nabeyama, M, Nakagawa, A, Yoshiura, T et al. Functional MRI study of brain activation alterations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder after symptom improvement. Psychiatry Res 2008;163:236–247.Google Scholar
42. Nakao, T, Nakagawa, A, Yoshiura, T et al. A functional MRI comparison of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal controls during a Chinese character Stroop task. Psychiatry Res 2005;139:101–114.Google Scholar
43. Hou, J, Wu, W, Lin, Y et al. Localization of cerebral functional deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord 2012;138:313–321.Google Scholar
44. Filippi, M, Canu, E, Gasparotti, R et al. Patterns of brain structural changes in first-contact, antipsychotic drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2014;35:30–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Koch, K, Wagner, G, Dahnke, R et al. Disrupted white matter integrity of corticopontine-cerebellar circuitry in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010;260:419–426.Google Scholar
46. Smith, SM, Jenkinson, M, Johansen-Berg, H et al. Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. NeuroImage 2006;31:1487–1505.Google Scholar
47. Grieve, SM, Williams, LM, Paul, RH, Clark, CR, Gordon, E. Cognitive aging, executive function, and fractional anisotropy: a diffusion tensor MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:226–235.Google Scholar
48. Dalby, RB, Chakravarty, MM, Ahdidan, J et al. Localization of white-matter lesions and effect of vascular risk factors in late-onset major depression. Psychol Med 2010;40:1389–1399.Google Scholar