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Model-based scaling of the streamwise energy density in high-Reynolds-number turbulent channels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2013

Rashad Moarref ,
Ati S. Sharma ,
Joel A. Tropp  and
Beverley J. McKeon
Rashad Moarref*
Affiliation:
Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
Ati S. Sharma
Affiliation:
Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Joel A. Tropp
Affiliation:
Computing & Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
Beverley J. McKeon
Affiliation:
Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: rashad@caltech.edu
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Abstract

We study the Reynolds-number scaling and the geometric self-similarity of a gain-based, low-rank approximation to turbulent channel flows, determined by the resolvent formulation of McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382), in order to obtain a description of the streamwise turbulence intensity from direct consideration of the Navier–Stokes equations. Under this formulation, the velocity field is decomposed into propagating waves (with single streamwise and spanwise wavelengths and wave speed) whose wall-normal shapes are determined from the principal singular function of the corresponding resolvent operator. Using the accepted scalings of the mean velocity in wall-bounded turbulent flows, we establish that the resolvent operator admits three classes of wave parameters that induce universal behaviour with Reynolds number in the low-rank model, and which are consistent with scalings proposed throughout the wall turbulence literature. In addition, it is shown that a necessary condition for geometrically self-similar resolvent modes is the presence of a logarithmic turbulent mean velocity. Under the practical assumption that the mean velocity consists of a logarithmic region, we identify the scalings that constitute hierarchies of self-similar modes that are parameterized by the critical wall-normal location where the speed of the mode equals the local turbulent mean velocity. For the rank-1 model subject to broadband forcing, the integrated streamwise energy density takes a universal form which is consistent with the dominant near-wall turbulent motions. When the shape of the forcing is optimized to enforce matching with results from direct numerical simulations at low turbulent Reynolds numbers, further similarity appears. Representation of these weight functions using similarity laws enables prediction of the Reynolds number and wall-normal variations of the streamwise energy intensity at high Reynolds numbers (${Re}_{\tau } \approx 1{0}^{3} {\unicode{x2013}} 1{0}^{10} $). Results from this low-rank model of the Navier–Stokes equations compare favourably with experimental results in the literature.

JFM classification

Mathematical Foundations: Mathematical Foundations Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 734 , 10 November 2013 , pp. 275 - 316
Copyright
©2013 Cambridge University Press 

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