Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T07:05:58.424Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Incorporation bias in studies of diagnostic tests: how to avoid being biased about bias

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2015

Andrew Worster  and
Christopher Carpenter
Andrew Worster*
Affiliation:
Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.
Christopher Carpenter
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Miss.
*
Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5; worster@hhsc.ca

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Keywords

diagnostic testreference standardincorporation bias
Type
Education • Enseignement
Information
Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , March 2008 , pp. 174 - 175
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians 2008

References

1.Bossuyt, PM, Reitsma, JB, Bruns, DE, et al. The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:W1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Statement STARD. Standards for the reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies. Available: http://www.stard-statement.org (accessed 2008 Jan 11).Google Scholar
3.Knottnerus, JA, Muris, JW. Assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic tests: the cross-sectional study. J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56:1118–28.Google Scholar
4.Rutjes, AW, Reitsma, JB, Coomarasamy, A, et al. Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods. Health Technol Assess 2007;11:1–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Mater, A, Shroff, M, Al-Farsi, S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of shunt series and CT in the initial evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction in children presenting to the emergency department. CJEM 2008;10:131–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Kim, TY, Brown, L, Stewart, GM. Test characteristics of parent’s visual analog scale score in predicting ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2007;23:549–52.Google Scholar
7.Kim, TY, Stewart, G, Voth, M, et al. Signs and symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2006;22:28–34.Google Scholar
8.Lijmer, JG, Mol, BW, Heisterkamp, S, et al. Empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests. JAMA 1999;282:1061–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Kramer, MS, Roberts-Bräuer, R, Williams, RL. Bias and ‘over-call’ in interpreting chest radiographs in young febrile children. Pediatrics 1992;90:11–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Rutjes, AW, Reitsma, JB, Di Nisio, M, et al. Evidence of bias and variation in diagnostic accuracy studies. CMAJ 2006;174:469–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Mower, WR. Evaluating bias and variability in diagnostic test reports. Ann Emerg Med 1999;33:85–91.Google Scholar