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Chronobiology and meal times: internal and external factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Jim Waterhouse ,
D. Minors ,
G. Atkinson  and
D. Benton
Jim Waterhouse
Affiliation:
School of Human Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool
D. Minors
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester
G. Atkinson
Affiliation:
School of Human Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool
D. Benton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea
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Abstract

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Although homeostatic mechanisms remain of utmost importance, rhythmic changes are present also. The main ones have a period of 24 h (circadian) or about 2–3 h (ultradian). Circadian rhythms are derived from a body clock, found in the base of the brain, and from the pattern of our sleep wake cycle, including activity and meal times. These rhythms promote the regular changes between an active wake period and a recuperative sleep period. Ultradian rhythms are also widespread and reflect external (lifestyle) and internal factors. The internal factors include biochemical need and some sort of oscillator; but details of how many oscillators, and exactly where they are, remain to be established. Food intake, appetite, digestion and metabolism have been shown to illustrate these principles. Moreover, these principles become important when special circumstances exist as far as meal times are concerned; the particular diffculties of night workers is a good example.

Keywords

Eating behaviourRhythmicity of food intake
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 77 , Issue S1 , April 1997 , pp. S29 - S38
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

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