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Synthesis of ultra-refractory transition metal diboride compounds

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Abstract

This paper critically evaluates methods used to synthesize boride compounds with emphasis on diborides of the early transition metals. The earliest reports of the synthesis of boride ceramics used impure elemental powders to produce multiphase reaction products; phase-pure borides were only synthesized after processes were established to purify elemental boron. Carbothermal reduction of the corresponding transition metal oxides emerged as a viable production route and continues to be the primary method for the synthesis of commercial transition metal diboride powders. Even though reaction-based processes and chemical synthesis methods are mainly used for research studies, they are powerful tools for producing diborides because they provide the ability to tailor purity and particle size. The choice of synthesis method requires balancing factors that include cost, purity, and particle size with the performance needed in expected applications.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This manuscript was conceived and drafted as part of an extended visit by WGF to the University of Birmingham during the spring of 2015. The authors wish to thank the U.K. Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) for financial support through the Materials Systems for Extreme Environments (XMAT) program.

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA

    William G. Fahrenholtz

  2. School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Jon Binner & Ji Zou

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Fahrenholtz, W.G., Binner, J. & Zou, J. Synthesis of ultra-refractory transition metal diboride compounds. Journal of Materials Research 31, 2757–2772 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.210

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