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Characterization of ion-induced radiation effects in nuclear materials using synchrotron x-ray techniques

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Abstract

Recent efforts to characterize the nanoscale structural and chemical modifications induced by energetic ion irradiation in nuclear materials have greatly benefited from the application of synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. Key to the study of actinide-bearing materials has been the use of small sample volumes, which are particularly advantageous, as the small quantities minimize the level of radiation exposure at the ion-beam and synchrotron user facility. This approach utilizes energetic heavy ions (energy range: 100 MeV–3 GeV) that pass completely through the sample thickness and deposit an almost constant energy per unit length along their trajectory. High energy x-rays (25–65 keV) from intense synchrotron light sources are then used in transmission geometry to analyze ion-induced structural and chemical modifications throughout the ion tracks. We describe in detail the experimental approach for utilizing synchrotron radiation (SR) to study the radiation response of a range of nuclear materials (e.g., ThO2 and Gd2TixZr2− xO7). Also addressed is the use of high-pressure techniques, such as the heatable diamond anvil cell, as a new means to expose irradiated materials to well-controlled high-temperature (up to 1000 °C) and/or high-pressure (up to 50 GPa) conditions. This is particularly useful for characterizing the annealing kinetics of irradiation-induced material modifications.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported as part of the Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award #DE-SC0001089. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award #DE-NA0001974 and DOE-BES under Award #DE-FG02-99ER45775, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. HPCAT beamtime was granted by the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC). GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation — Earth Sciences (EAR-1128799) and Department of Energy — GeoSciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA

    Maik Lang & Raul I. Palomares

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA

    Cameron L. Tracy & Fuxiang Zhang

  3. GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany

    Daniel Severin, Markus Bender & Christina Trautmann

  4. Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany

    Christina Trautmann

  5. High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA

    Changyong Park

  6. Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA

    Vitali B. Prakapenka

  7. Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia

    Vladimir A. Skuratov

  8. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA

    Rodney C. Ewing

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  1. Maik Lang
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Lang, M., Tracy, C.L., Palomares, R.I. et al. Characterization of ion-induced radiation effects in nuclear materials using synchrotron x-ray techniques. Journal of Materials Research 30, 1366–1379 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.6

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