Abstract
Mechanical properties of parts constructed with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are highly influenced by raw material and process characteristics. It is widely assumed that a certain degree of anisotropy should be expected in AM parts due to their layer-upon-layer nature. Present work focuses on the PolyJet process, where each layer is built by selective jetting of photopolymers upon flat surfaces and subsequent UV radiation curing. An extensive experimental program was carried out to find out if the so-constructed parts present viscoelastic behavior and if their mechanical characteristics also depend on part orientation. Both hypotheses have been proven true, so a viscoelastic orthotropic-like behavior shall be expected in PolyJet manufactured part. Nevertheless, a significant improvement on material properties has been found for nearly vertical building orientations. This unexpected behavior is related to a shielding effect upon UV curing caused by support material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ASTM Standard F2792-12a: Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012), www.astm.org.
A. Bellini and S. Güçeri: Mechanical characterization of parts fabricated using fused deposition modelling. Rapid Prototyping J. 9(4), 252 (2003).
S.H. Ahm, M. Montero, D. Odell, S. Roundy, and P.K. Wright: Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS. Rapid Prototyping J. 8(4), 248 (2002).
C.S. Lee, S.G. Kim, H.J. Kim, and S.H. Ahn: Measurement of anisotropic compressive strength of rapid prototyping parts. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 187–188, 627 (2007).
S.P. Soe, N. Martindale, C. Constantinou, and M. Robinson: Mechanical characterization of Duraform® flex for FEA hyperelastic material modelling. Polym. Test. 34, 103 (2014).
I. Zeytoun, M. Levi, E.M. Kritchman, D. Eshed, H. Gothait, D. Danal, M. Bar Nathan, C. Kleinhendler, and G. Menchink: Rapid prototyping apparatus. EP 2 292 413 A2 European Patent application, (2011).
A. Pilipović, P. Raos, and M. Šercer: Experimental analysis of properties of materials for rapid prototyping. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 40, 105 (2009).
A. Kesy and J. Kotlinski: Mechanical properties of parts produced by using polymer jetting technology. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. X(3), 37 (2010).
M.W. Barclift and C.B. Williams: Examining variability in the mechanical properties of parts manufactured via Polyjet direct 3D printing. In International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, 2012; p. 876.
P.F. Jacobs: Stereolithography and Other RP&M Technologies: From Rapid Prototyping to Rapid Tooling (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1996).
M.M. Zabti: Effects of Light Absorber on Micro Stereolithography Parts. PhD Thesis, The University of Birmingham, 2012.
L.G. Lovell and C.N. Bowman: The effect of kinetic chain length on the mechanical relaxation of crosslinked photopolymers. Polymer 44, 39 (2003).
J.D. Ferry: Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: New York, 1980.
R. Lakes: Viscoelastic Materials (Cambrigde University Press, New York, 2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blanco, D., Fernandez, P. & Noriega, A. Nonisotropic experimental characterization of the relaxation modulus for PolyJet manufactured parts. Journal of Materials Research 29, 1876–1882 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.200
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.200