Abstract
The material characterization toolbox has recently experienced a number of parallel revolutionary advances, foreshadowing a time in the near future when material scientists can quantify material structure evolution across spatial and temporal space simultaneously. This will provide insight to reaction dynamics in four-dimensions, spanning multiple orders of magnitude in both temporal and spatial space. This study presents the authors’ viewpoint on the material characterization field, reviewing its recent past, evaluating its present capabilities, and proposing directions for its future development. Electron microscopy; atom probe tomography; x-ray, neutron and electron tomography; serial sectioning tomography; and diffraction-based analysis methods are reviewed, and opportunities for their future development are highlighted. Advances in surface probe microscopy have been reviewed recently and, therefore, are not included [D.A. Bonnell et al.: Rev. Modern Phys. in Review]. In this study particular attention is paid to studies that have pioneered the synergetic use of multiple techniques to provide complementary views of a single structure or process; several of these studies represent the state-of-the-art in characterization and suggest a trajectory for the continued development of the field. Based on this review, a set of grand challenges for characterization science is identified, including suggestions for instrumentation advances, scientific problems in microstructure analysis, and complex structure evolution problems involving material damage. The future of microstructural characterization is proposed to be one not only where individual techniques are pushed to their limits, but where the community devises strategies of technique synergy to address complex multiscale problems in materials science and engineering.
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Acknowledgments
This report was sponsored by the Council of Materials Science and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank Dr. Linda Horton and Professor Frances Hellman for their support. IMR acknowledges the support from Department of Energy BES under grants DE-FG02-07ER46443 and DE-FG02-08ER46525 for preparing this report. CS acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-0855402.
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Robertson, I.M., Schuh, C.A., Vetrano, J.S. et al. Towards an integrated materials characterization toolbox. Journal of Materials Research 26, 1341–1383 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2011.41
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2011.41