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Coconut fat and serum lipoproteins: effects of partial replacement with unsaturated fats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Shanthi Mendis ,
U. Samarajeewa  and
R. O. Thattil
Shanthi Mendis*
Affiliation:
Room 4034, World Health Organization, 20 Ave Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
U. Samarajeewa
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
R. O. Thattil
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Shanthi Mendis, fax +41 22 791 4259, email mendiss@who.ch
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Abstract

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The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of reducing saturated fat in the diet, or partly replacing it with unsaturated fat, on the serum lipoprotein profile of human subjects. The study had two intervention periods, 8 weeks (phase 1) and 52 weeks (phase 2). In phase 1, total fat was reduced from 31 to 25 % energy (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA):saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio increased from 0.2 to 0.4) by reducing the quantity of coconut fat (CF) in the diet from 17.8 to 9.3 % energy intake. In phase 2, subjects were randomised to groups A and B. In group A total fat was reduced from 25 to 20 % energy (PUFA:SFA ratio increased from 0.4 to 0.7) by reducing the quantity of CF in the diet from 9.3 to 4.7 % total energy intake. In group B, the saturated fat content in the diet was similar to group A. In addition a test fat (a mixture of soyabean oil and sesame oil, PUFA:monosaturated fatty acids ratio 2) contributed 3.3 % total energy intake and total fat contributed 24 % energy intake (PUFA:SFA ratio increased from 0.7 to 1.1). At the end of phase 1, there was a 7.7 % reduction in cholesterol (95 % CI -3.6, -12.2) and 10.8 % reduction in LDL (95 % CI -4.9, -16.5) and no significant change in HDL and triacylglycerol. At the end of phase 2, the reduction in cholesterol in both groups was only about 4 % (95 % CI -12, 3.2) partly due the concomitant rise in HDL. The reduction in LDL at 52 weeks was significantly higher in group B (group A mean reduction 11 %, 95 % CI -20.1, -2.0 and group B mean reduction 16.2 % 95 % CI -23.5, -8.9). In phase 2, triacylglycerol levels showed a mean reduction of 6.5 % in group 2A and a mean increase of 8.2 % in group 2B. The reduction of saturated fat in the diet is associated with a lipoprotein profile that would be expected to reduce cardiovascular risk. The reduction of dietary saturated fat with partial replacement of unsaturated fat brings about changes in total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol that are associated with a lower cardiovascular risk.

Keywords

Serum lipoproteinsSaturated fatPolyunsaturated fatCoconut fat
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 85 , Issue 5 , May 2001 , pp. 583 - 589
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

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