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The integration of ‘omic’ disciplines and systems biology in cattle breeding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2010

D. P. Berry ,
K. G. Meade ,
M. P. Mullen ,
S. Butler ,
M. G. Diskin ,
D. Morris  and
C. J. Creevey
D. P. Berry*
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
K. G. Meade
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
M. P. Mullen
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
S. Butler
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
M. G. Diskin
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
D. Morris
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
C. J. Creevey
Affiliation:
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
*
†E-mail: donagh.berry@teagasc.ie
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Abstract

Enormous progress has been made in the selection of animals, including cattle, for specific traits using traditional quantitative genetics approaches. Nevertheless, considerable variation in phenotypes remains unexplained, and therefore represents potential additional gain for animal production. In addition, the paradigm shift in new disciplines now being applied to animal breeding represents a powerful opportunity to prise open the ‘black box’ underlying the response to selection and fully understand the genetic architecture controlling the traits of interest. A move away from traditional approaches of animal breeding toward systems approaches using integrative analysis of data from the ‘omic’ disciplines represents a multitude of exciting opportunities for animal breeding going forward as well as providing alternatives for overcoming some of the limitations of traditional approaches such as the expressed phenotype being an imperfect predictor of the individual’s true genetic merit, or the phenotype being only expressed in one gender or late in the lifetime of an animal. This review aims to discuss these opportunities from the perspective of their potential application and contribution to cattle breeding. Harnessing the potential of this paradigm shift also poses some new challenges for animal scientists – and they will also be discussed.

Keywords

‘omic’systems biologybreedingapplication
Type
Review
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , 23 February 2011 , pp. 493 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

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