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The role of wildlife in transboundary animal diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2011

J. L. Siembieda ,
R. A. Kock ,
T. A. McCracken  and
S. H. Newman
J. L. Siembieda*
Affiliation:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases, Wildlife Health and Ecology Unit, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, Italy
R. A. Kock
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
T. A. McCracken
Affiliation:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases, Wildlife Health and Ecology Unit, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, Italy
S. H. Newman
Affiliation:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases, Wildlife Health and Ecology Unit, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, Italy
*
*Corresponding author: E-mail: jennifer.siembieda@fao.org
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Abstract

This paper identifies some of the more important diseases at the wildlife–livestock interface and the role wildlife plays in disease transmission. Domestic livestock, wildlife and humans share many similar pathogens. Pathogens of wild or domestic animal origin that can cause infections in humans are known as zoonotic organisms and the converse are termed as anthroponotic organisms. Seventy-seven percent of livestock pathogens and 91% of domestic carnivore pathogens are known to infect multiple hosts, including wildlife. Understanding this group of pathogens is critical to public health safety, because they infect a wide range of hosts and are most likely to emerge as novel causes of infection in humans and domestic animals. Diseases at the wildlife–livestock interface, particularly those that are zoonotic, must be an area of focus for public health programs and surveillance for emerging infectious diseases. Additionally, understanding wildlife and their role is a vital part of understanding the epidemiology and ecology of diseases. To do this, a multi-faceted approach combining capacity building and training, wildlife disease surveillance, wildlife–livestock interface and disease ecology studies, data and information sharing and outbreak investigation are needed.

Keywords

wildlife–livestock interfacediseasepathogenanthroponoseszoonoseswildlifelivestock
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , June 2011 , pp. 95 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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