Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T02:39:03.464Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quantitation of trans fatty acids in milk fat using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2009

Franz Ulberth  and
Monika Henninger
Franz Ulberth
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Research and Bacteriology, Agricultural University, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Monika Henninger
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Research and Bacteriology, Agricultural University, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Trans fatty acids (TFA) formed during biohydrogenation by ruminant animals were quantified in cows' milk fat by means of Fourier transform i.r. (FTIR) spectroscopy. When samples were analysed as the derived methyl esters, a spectral subtraction technique resulted in TFA values that were not biased by the unspecific absorption of intact triacylglycerols or influenced by the shape of the trans band. Austrian milk fat samples contained 20–50 g TFA/kg. Results obtained by analysis of TFA as triacylglycerols compared favourably with those obtained by using methyl esters. The findings of the FTIR method were further substantiated by applying argentation chromatography in combination with capillary gas chromatography to the same set of samples. Besides trans monoenoic acids, non-methylene interrupted cis, trans octadecadienoic acids contributed significantly to the total trans content. Two novel TFA, trans-11, cis-15 octadecadienoic and cis-9, trans-13 octadecadienoic acids, were identified in milk fat by means of their retention behaviour on argentation chromatography and gas chromatography as well as by an oxidative degradation procedure.

Type
Original articles
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , November 1994 , pp. 517 - 527
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Association Of Official Analytical Chemists 1984 Method 28.086–28.091. In Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC, 14th edn (Ed. Williams, S.). Washington, DC: AOACGoogle Scholar
British Nutrition Foundation 1987 Trans fatty acids. The report of the BNF's task force. London: British Nutrition FoundationGoogle Scholar
Christopherson, S. W. & Glass, R. L. 1969 Preparation of milk fat methyl esters by alcoholysis in an essentially non-alcoholic solution. Journal of Dairy Science 52 1289–1290Google Scholar
DeMan, L. & DeMan, J. M. 1983 Trans fatty acids in milkfat. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 60 1095–1098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Entressangles, B. 1986 [Survey of dietary trans isomers.] Revue Française des Corps Gras 33 47–58Google Scholar
Firestone, D. & LaBouliere, P. 1965 Determination of isolated trans isomers by infrared spectrophotometry. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 48 437–443Google Scholar
Firestone, D. & Sheppard, A. 1992 Determination of trans fatty acids. In Advances in Lipid Methodology—One, pp. 274–322 (Ed. Christie, W. W.). Ayr: Oily PressGoogle Scholar
Galoppini, G. & Lotti, G. 1964 [Content of trans isomers in Italian butters.] Chimica e l'Industria 46 795–796 (Dairy Science Abstracts 27 33)Google Scholar
Gildenberg, L. & Firestone, D. 1985 Gas chromatographic determination of trans unsaturation in margarine: collaborative study. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 68 46–51Google Scholar
Hammond, R. C. 1988 Enzymic modification at the mid-chain of fatty acids. Fat Science and Technology 90 18–27Google Scholar
Harlow, R. D., Litchfield, C. & Reiser, R. 1963 Preparation of 9-trans-12-trans octadecadienoic acid. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 40 505–506Google Scholar
Hay, J. D. & Morrison, W. R. 1971 Polar lipids in bovine milk. III. Isomeric cis and trans monoenoic and dienoic fatty acids, and alkyl and alkenyl ethers in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 248 71–79Google Scholar
Huang, A. & Firestone, D. 1971 Determination of low level isolated trans isomers in vegetable oils and derived methyl esters by differential infrared spectrophotometry. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 54 47–51Google Scholar
Iupac 1987 Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 7th edn, prepared by Paquot, C. and Hautfenne, A. for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Keeney, M. 1981 Comments on the effects of dietary trans-fatty acids in humans. Cancer Research 41 3743–3744Google ScholarPubMed
Knapp, D. R. 1979 Handbook of Analytical Derivatization Reactions, p. 227. New York: John Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar
Lanser, A. C. & Emken, E. A. 1988 Comparison of FTIR and capillary gas chromatographic methods for quantitation of trans unsaturation in fatty acid methyl esters. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 65 1483–1487Google Scholar
Mensink, R. P. & Katan, M. B. 1990 Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. New England Journal of Medicine 323 439–445Google Scholar
Miwa, T. K. 1963 Identification of peaks in gas-liquid chromatography. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 40 309–313Google Scholar
Mutter, M. & Homan, H. R. 1987 Estimation of amount of trans, trans-isomers of octadecadienoic acids in hydrogenated oils and fats. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications 10 672–673Google Scholar
Parodi, P. W. 1977 Conjugated octadecadienoic acids of milk fat. Journal of Dairy Science 60 1550–1553Google Scholar
Parodi, P. W. & Dunstan, R. J. 1971 The trans unsaturation content of Queensland milkfats. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 26 60–62Google Scholar
Pfannhauser, W., Scheidl, I., Rauscher, H. & Blaicher, G. 1984 [The seasonal fluctuation of milk constituents in Austria (lactose, β-carotene, semimicro butyric acid value, butyric acid, trans-fatty acids, and total fat content.] Milchwirtschaftliche Berichte 80, 235–241Google Scholar
Ratnayake, W. M. N. & Pelletier, G. 1992 Positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid in partially hydrogenated oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 69 95–105Google Scholar
Schaafsma, G. 1993 Assessment of trans fatty acid intake in European countries: is it required? International Dairy Federation Nutrition Newsletter 1 20–21Google Scholar
Sebedio, J.-L. & Ackman, R. G. 1981 Application of methoxy-bromomercuri-adduct fractionation to the analysis of fatty acids of partially hydrogenated marine oils. Lipids 16 461–467Google Scholar
Sleeter, R. T. & Matlock, M. G. 1989 Automated quantitative analysis of isolated (noneonjugated) trans isomers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy incorporating improvements in the procedure. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 66 121–127Google Scholar
Smith, L. M., Dunkley, W. L., Franke, A. & Dairiki, T. 1978 Measurement of trans and other isomeric unsaturated fatty acids in butter and margarine. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 55 257–261Google Scholar
Strocchi, A. & Holman, R. T. 1971 Analysis of fatty acids of butterfat. Rivista Italiana della Sostanze Grasse 48 617–622Google Scholar
Toschi, T. G., Capella, P., Holt, C. & Christie, W. W. 1993 A comparison of silver ion HPLC plus GC with Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy for the determination of trans double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61 261–266CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulberth, F. & Haider, H.-J. 1992 Determination of low level trans unsaturation in fats by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Food Science 57 1444–1447Google Scholar
Ulberth, F. & Henninger, M. 1992 Simplified method for the determination of trans monoenes in edible fats by TLC-GLC. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 69 829–831Google Scholar
Van Der Wel, H. & de Jong, K. 1967 [Octadecadienoic acids in butterfat. II. Identification of some nonconjugatable fatty acids.] Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel 69 279–281Google Scholar
Willet, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Rosner, B. A., Sampson, L. A. & Hennekens, C. H. 1993 Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 341 581–585CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R., Kubena, K., Tseng, S., Martin, G. & Crook, R. 1993 Effect of palm oil, margarine, butter, and sunflower oil on the serum lipids and lipoproteins of normocholesterolemic middle-aged men. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 4 286–297Google Scholar
Zock, P. L. & Katan, M. B. 1992 Hydrogenation alternatives: effects of trans fatty acids and stearic acid versus linoleic acid on serum lipids and lipoproteins in humans. Journal of Lipid Research 33 399–410Google Scholar