Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T14:45:36.360Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Recent radiocarbon results and King Solomon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Israel Finkelstein
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, The Entin Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Eli Piasetzky
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Astronomy, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel

Extract

Radiocarbon dating and stratigraphy here offer a new chronological structure for the Iron Age in the Levant. The credit for the construction of massive public monuments in the northern part of Israel is here wrested from David and Solomon and attributed to the later Omride dynasty. The early Israelite monarchs actually ruled over a small kingdom in the highlands around Jerusalem rather than a great empire.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altken, M. J. 1990. Science-based Dating in Archaeology. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, A. 2000. Hazor and the Chronology of Northern Israel: A Reply to Israel Finkelstein, I. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 317: 915.Google Scholar
Biran, A. & Naveh, J. 1995. The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment. Israel Exploration Journal 45: 118.Google Scholar
Cogan, M. 1992. Chronology. Anchor Bible Dictionary 1: 10021011.Google Scholar
Dever, W. G. 1990. Recent Archaeological Discoveries and Biblical Research. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Dever, W. G. 1997. Archaeology and the “Age of Solomon”: A Case Study in Archaeology and Historiography: 217–251, in Handy, L. K. (ed.). The Age of Solomon, Scholarship at the Turn of the Millennium. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Dothan, M. & Portath, Y.. 1982. Ashdod IV: Excavations of Area M (Atiqot 15). Jerusalem: Department of Antiquities and Museums.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2001. Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant. Levant 33: 117125. Finkelstein, I. 1996. The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternative View. Levant 28: 177187.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 1999. State Formation in Israel and Judah: A Contrast in Context, A Contrast in Trajectory. Near Eastern Archaeology 62(1): 3562.Google Scholar
Fantalkin, A. 2001. The Rise of Jerusalem and Judah: The Missing Link. Levant 33: 105115.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. & Beit-Arieh, I.. 1999. Area E: 67–87 in, Beit-Arieh, I. (ed.). Tel ‘Ira: A Stronghold in the Biblical Negev. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, I. & Silberman, N. A.. 2001. The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of its Sacred Texts. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Franklin, N. 2001. Masons’ Marks from the ninth century BCE Northern Kingdom of Israel: Evidence of the Nascent Carian Alphabet? Kadmos 40: 107116.Google Scholar
Gilboa, A. & Sharon, I.. 2001. Early Iron Age Radiometric Dates from Tel Dor: Preliminary Implications for Phoenicia and Beyond. Radiocarbon 43: 13431351.Google Scholar
Knauf, E. A. 1991. King Solomons Copper Supply: 167–186, in Lipinski, E. (ed.). Phoenicia and the Bible. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Knauf, E. A. 2000. The “Low Chronology” and How Not to Deal with It. Biblische Notizen 101: 5663.Google Scholar
Kochavi, M. 1998. The Eleventh Century BCE Tripartite Pillar Building at Tel Hadar: 468–478 in Gitin, S., Mazar, A. and Stern, E. (eds.). Mediterranean Peoples in Transition. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Kutschera, W.R. A. Golser, A. Priller & Strohmaier, B.. 1999. Proceeding of the Eighth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectometry. NIM B172.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1990. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible 10,000–586 B.C.E. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1997. Iron Age Chronology—A Reply to Israel Finkelstein. Levant 29: 155165.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1999. The 1997–1998 Excavations at Tel Rehov: Preliminary Report. Israel Exploration Journal 49: 2023.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. & Carmi, I.. 2001. Radiocarbon Dates from Iron Age Strata at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov. Radiocarbon 43: 13331342.Google Scholar
Miller, M. J. 1997. Separating the Solomon of History from the Solomon of Legend: 1–24, in Handy, L. K. (ed.). The Age of Solomon, Scholarship at the Turn of the Millennium. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Na’aman, N. 1997. Historical and Literary Notes on the Excavations of Tel Jezreel. Tel Aviv 24: 122128.Google Scholar
Niemann, H. M. 1997. The Socio-Political Shadow Cast by the Biblical Solomon: 252–299, in Handy, L. K. (ed.). The Age of Solomon, Scholarship at the Turn of the Millennium. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Niemann, H. M. 2000. Megiddo and Solomon—A Biblical Investigation in Relation to Archaeology. Tel Aviv 27: 5972.Google Scholar
Reimer, P. J. 2001. A New Twist in the Radiocarbon Tale. Science 294: 24922495.Google Scholar
Sharon, I. 2001. ‘Transition Dating’—A Heuristic Mathematical Approach to the Collation of Radiocarbon Dates from Stratified Sequences. Radiocarbon 43: 345354.Google Scholar
Stern, E. 2000. Dor—Rulers of the Seas. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Steiner, M. L. 2001. Excavations by Kathleen M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967, Volume III: The Settlement in the Bronze and Iron Ages. London: Sheffield Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M. P.J. Reimer, E. Bard, Beck, J. W., Burr, G. S., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., McCormac, F. G., Plicht, J. v. d. & Spurk, M.. 1998. INTCAL 98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000–0 Cal BP Radiocarbon 40: 10411083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timm, S. 1982. Die Dynastie Omri. GÖttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Ussishkin, D. 1980. Was the “Solomonic” City Gate at Megiddo Built by King Solomon? Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 239: 118.Google Scholar
Ussishkin, D. 1982. The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Ussishkin, D. & Woodhead, J.. 1994. Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1992–1993: Second Preliminary Report. Levant 26: 171.Google Scholar
Ussishkin, D. & Woodhead, J.. 1997. Excavations at Tel Jezreel 1994–1996: Third Preliminary Report. Tel Aviv 24: 672.Google Scholar
Van Seters, J. 1983. In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and The Origins of Biblical History. New Haven: Yale University.Google Scholar
Weinstein, J. M. 1981. The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 241: 128.Google Scholar
Yadin, Y. 1970. Megiddo of the Kings of Israel. Biblical Archaeologist 33: 6696.Google Scholar
Zimhoni, O. 1992. The Iron Age Pottery from Tel Jezreel—An Interim Report. Tel Aviv 19: 5770.Google Scholar