Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T04:16:59.762Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Veno-venous bridges: the forerunners of the sinus venosus defect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2011

Ryan J. Butts ,
Andrew M. Crean ,
Anthony M. Hlavacek ,
Diane E. Spicer ,
Andrew C. Cook ,
Erwin N. Oechslin  and
Robert H. Anderson
Ryan J. Butts*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
Andrew M. Crean
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada Department of Medical Imaging, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Anthony M. Hlavacek
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
Diane E. Spicer
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Flordia, United States of America The Congenital Heart Institute of Florida, St. Petersburg, Flordia, United States of America
Andrew C. Cook
Affiliation:
Cardiac Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, United Kingdom
Erwin N. Oechslin
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada Department of Medical Imaging, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Robert H. Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America Cardiac Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, United Kingdom
*
Correspondence to: Dr R. Butts, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States of America. Tel: 843 792 3286; Fax: 843 792 3284; E-mail: butts@musc.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Differentiation of the so-called sinus venosus defect from other defects permitting shunting between the atrial chambers remains problematic. The lesion is not a true septal defect, and current theories to explain the existence of the sinus venosus defect fall short. The presence of persistent systemic to pulmonary venous connections has been proposed to explain the existence of the sinus venosus defect.

Methods

Clinical histories and radiological findings of six patients are reviewed. Three patients have veno-venous bridges, two have partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, and one patient has a sinus venosus defect. The clinical information is reviewed, along with current developmental and morphological considerations.

Discussion

We provide radiographic, developmental, and morphological evidence to support the theory that a so-called sinus venosus defect is the consequence of persistence of foetal systemic to pulmonary veno-venous bridges, rather than of deficiencies in atrial septation.

Keywords

Interatrial communicationatrial septal defectsanomalous pulmonary venous connectionscomputed tomography
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 21 , Issue 6 , 28 October 2011 , pp. 623 - 630
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Peacock, TB. Malformations of the human heart. John Churchill, London, 1858, pp. 24–25.Google Scholar
2.Van Praagh, S, Carrera, ME, Sanders, SP, Mayer, JE, Van Praagh, R. Sinus venosus defects: unroofing of the pulmonary veins – anatomic and echocardiographic findings and surgical treatment. Am Heart J 1994; 128: 365–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Anderson, RH, Webb, S, Brown, NA. Clinical anatomy of the atrial septum with reference to its developmental components. Clin Anat 1999; 12: 362–374.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Crystal, MA, Al Najashi, K, Williams, WG, Redington, AN, Anderson, RH. Inferior sinus venosus defect: echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical approach. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137: 1349–1355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Edwards, JE, Helmholz, HF Jr. Symposium on total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a classification of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection based on developmental considerations. Proc Mayo Clin 1956; 31: 151–160.Google Scholar
6.Devine, WA, Anderson, RH. Superior caval to pulmonary venous fistula – the progenitor of the sinus venosus defect. Pediatr Pathol 1989; 9: 345–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Swan, HJ, Kirklin, JW, Becu, LM, Wood, EH. Anomalous connection of right pulmonary veins to superior vena cava with interatrial communications: hemodynamic data in 8 cases. Circulation 1957; 16: 54–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Ettedgui, JA, Siewers, RD, Anderson, RH, Park, SC, Pahl, E, Zuberbuhler, JA. Diagnostic echocardiographic features of the sinus venosus defect. Br Heart J 1990; 64: 329–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Ettedgui, JA, Siewers, RD, Zuberbuhler, JR, Anderson, RH. Echocardiographic diagnosis of inferior sinus venosus defects. Cardiol Young 1992; 2: 338–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Van Praagh, S, Carrera, ME, Sanders, S, Meyer, JE Jr, Van Praagh, R. Partial or total direct pulmonary venous drainage to right atrium due to malposition of septum primum: anatomic and echocardiographic findings and surgical treatment: a study based on 36 cases. Chest 1995; 107: 1488–1498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Webb, S, Brown, NA, Wessels, A, Anderson, RH. Development of the murine pulmonary vein and its relationship to the embryonic venous sinus. Anat Rec 1998; 250: 325–334.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Webb, S, Brown, NA, Anderson, RH, Richardson, MK. Relationship in the chick of the developing pulmonary vein to the embryonic systemic venous sinus. Anat Rec 2000; 259: 67–75.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Webb, S, Kanani, M, Anderson, RH, Richardson, MK, Brown, NA. Development of the human pulmonary vein and its incorporation in the morphologically left atrium. Cardiol Young 2001; 11: 632–642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed