Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-24hb2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T15:15:19.881Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dissociation of the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to whole and skimmed milk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Garrett Hoyt
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Matthew S. Hickey
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Loren Cordain*
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Loren Cordain, email, lcordain@CAHS.colostate.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In most carbohydrate-containing foods, the blood insulin response is predictable and is closely linked to the food's glycaemic index (GI). A single study, examining whole milk and fermented milk products made from whole milk, recently reported a large dissociation between the GI and insulinaemic index (II) in healthy normal adults. Because the fat component of a food may influence the GI and II, it is unclear if a similar dissociation may exist for skimmed milk in normal adults. We determined the GI and II of both skimmed and whole milk in nine healthy, male (n 6) and female (n 3) subjects (23·6 (sd 1·4) years). No significant (P>0·05) differences existed between GI and II for skimmed and whole milks. Significant (P<0·05) differences were observed between the actual and predicted areas under the insulin curves for both skimmed milk (predicted 1405 (sd 289) pmol×min/l; actual 6152 (sd 1177) pmol×min/l) and whole milk (predicted 1564 (sd 339) pmol×min/l; actual 5939 (sd 1095) pmol×min/l). Consequently, a large and similar dissociation of the GI and II existed for both whole milk (42 (sd 5) and 148 (sd 14)) and skimmed milk (37 (sd 9) and 140 (sd 13)). It is concluded that the dissociation of the GI and II in milk is not related to its fat content.

Type
Short Communication
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Aro, A, Pelkonen, R & Leino, U (1987) Glucose and insulin responses to meals containing milk, lactose, glucose or fructose in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Metab 13, 603606.Google Scholar
Björck, I, Liljeberg, H, Östman, E (2000) Low glycaemic-index foods. Br J Nutr 83, Suppl. 1, S149S155.Google Scholar
Collier, GR, O'Dea, K (1983) The effect of coingestion of fat on the glucose, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to carbohydrate and protein. Am J Clin Nutr 37, 941944.Google Scholar
Gannon, MC, Nuttall, FQ, Krezowski, PA, Billington, CJ & Parker, S (1986) The serum insulin and plasma glucose responses to milk and fruit in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 29, 784791.Google Scholar
Gannon, MC, Nuttall, FQ, Neil, BJ & Westphal, SA (1988) The insulin and glucose responses to meals of glucose plus various proteins in type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism 37, 10811088.Google Scholar
Hollenbeck, CB, Coulston, AM & Reaven, GM (1986) Glycemic effects of carbohydrates: a different perspective. Diabetes 9, 641647.Google Scholar
Holt, S, Brand Miller, J & Petocz, P (1997) An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of common foods. Am J Clin Nutr 66, 12641276.Google Scholar
Jenkins, D, Wolever, T, Taylor, R, Barker, H, Fielden, H, Baldwin, J, Bowling, A, Newman, H, Jenkins, A & Goff, D (1981) Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 34, 362366.Google Scholar
Koldovský, O (1995) Hormones in milk. In Vitamins and Hormones, vol. 50, pp.77149 [Litwack, G, editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Krezowski, PA, Nuttall, FQ, Gannon, MC & Bartosh, NH (1986) The effect of protein ingestion on the metabolic response to oral glucose in normal individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 44, 847856.Google Scholar
Krezowski, PA, Nuttall, FQ, Gannon, MC, Billington, CJ & Parker, S (1987) Insulin and glucose responses to various starch-containing foods in type II diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 10, 205212.Google Scholar
Liljeberg, Elmstahl, H, Bjorck I (2001) Milk as a supplement to mixed meals may elevate postprandial insulinaemia. Eur J Clin Nutr 55, 994999.Google Scholar
Ludwig, D (2002) The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 287, 24142423.Google Scholar
Östman, E, Liljeberg, H, Björck, I (2001) Inconsistency between glycemic and insulinemic responses to regular and fermented milk products. Am J Clin Nutr 74, 96100.Google Scholar
Pereira, MA, Jacobs, DR, van Horn, L, Slattery, ML, Kartashov, AI & Ludwig, DS (2002) Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA study. JAMA 287, 20812089.Google Scholar
Schmid, R, Schusdziarra, V, Schulte-Frohlinde, E, Maier, V & Classen, M (1989) Role of amino acids in stimulation of postprandial insulin, glucagons, and pancreatic polypeptide in humans. Pancreas 4, 305314.Google Scholar
Wolever, T, Bentum-Williams, A & Jenkins, D (1995) Physiological modulation of plasma free fatty acid concentrations on diet. Diabetes Care 18, 962970.Google Scholar
Wolever, T, Jenkins, D, Jenkins, A & Josse, R (1991) The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am J Clin Nutr 54, 846854.Google Scholar