1. A six year old child living in Singapore was found to be infected with the cestode Bertiella studeri.

2. Apparent cure was affected by use of Dichlorophen.

1. The writer has reviewed the literature on the systematics of genera Habronema, Excisa, Cyrnea and Sicarius. The genus Habronema is divided into two subgenera, Habronema and Aviabronema, for the parasites of mammals and birds respectively. A key to the known species of the genus is given.

2. Eight new species* of Aviabronema are described ; of these six are reported from birds of prey, one from the green pigeon (Crocopus phoenicopterus) and the other from the grackle (Gracula intermedia).

3. A new species of Excisa and another new species of Cyrnea are described ; Sicarius dipterum is reported from India.

The young of all nest dwelling birds are fed continuously by their parents. It is the latter therefore who choose the food which is mostly composed of that which the adult birds feed on. Under these circumstances it is therefore not surprising that fledglings when still in the nest are found to harbour helminths of which the larval forms were contained in the food.

1. A new species of Brugia (Brugiella subgen. nov.) buckleyi is described from the heart and blood vessels of the Ceylon Hare (Lepus nigricollis singhala).

2. This worm is much larger than the other species of Brugia. It lacks a distinct head bulb and has a relatively much shorter oesophagus. The vulva in the female is close to the posterior extremity of the oesophagus. In the male the caudal papillae differ in their number and arrangement and the spicule ratio is much smaller.

In view of Morgan's (1943) contribution “The Physalopterinae (Nematode) of Aves”, it is unnecessary here to review the literature in this group; but it should be noted that Morgan regards Physaloptera alata as having four pairs of pedunculated papillae on the male tail, whereas Cram (1927), reproducing Rudolphi's (1819) and Seurat's (1914) descriptions, states the number to be five. Ortlepp (1922), Li (1934) and Singh (1949) also described the number as five.

The authors describe Trichosomoides nasalis n.sp., parasitic in the nasal cavities of Epimys norvegicus and propose to modify slightly the definition of the family Trichosomoididae Yorke and Maplestone, 1926, especially in relation to the definition of the habitat (considered till now to be exclusively in the urinary tract).

1. An unusual type of brood capsule is described with the cuticle on the outside and with 70 scolices which are fully developed and projecting outwards. The brood capsule is much larger than the normal brood capsule.

2. This type of brood capsule has been described earlier in cultures by Coutelen (1927) and a similar mode of origin has been suggested for this particular brood capsule.

Several years ago, thanks to a grant obtained from the British Council, I spent a fortnight in Oxford at the Bureau of Animal Population. During this stay, I was able to trap some small mammals in a wood near Oxford. Among these mammals were several water shrews, Neomys fodiens Schr., which were brought to Belgium to be put in the collection of the State Entomological Research Station.

Bilharziasis is unquestionably one of the major parasitic diseases of Southern Africa where both the urinary and intestinal forms occur. When it presents in the classical form, the diagnosis either from the clinical or laboratory viewpoint is seldom a major problem; but when, as so often happens, the presenting features have little in common with the accepted text-book descriptions of the disease, diagnosis becomes a matter of considerable difficulty.

Studies were made on the bacteriostatic action of the parasites F. giganilca and A. vilulorum against some animal micro-organisms. From the result of this work, it would appear that both parasites possessed some bacteriostatic action against certain organisms while others had none.

A volunteer who had been previously exposed to infection with filarial infections from naturally infected animals, i.e., Brugia malayi from Macaca irus and B. pahangi from a domestic cat, was exposed to infection with B. malayi from man. He developed signs and symptoms of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and transitory swellings of the lower limbs, possibly of filarial origin. Up to the time of treatment with Banocide no microfilariae were found in his blood.

(1)Paramphistomum phillerouxi sp.nov. from rumina of cattle in Northern Rhodesia is described and its morphology compared with that of Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder from Egypt, Kenya, Northern Rhodesia, and South Africa.

(2)Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg) is a natural intermediate host of P. phillerouxi in Northern Rhodesia and Tanganyika. Of other snails, Bulinus senegalensis (Muller) from Gambia was successfully infected experimentally, and Bulinus cernicus (Morelet) in Mauritius was found naturally infected with P. phillerouxi.

(3) The development of P. phillerouxi in Bitlinus forskalii is described. The sporocyst gives birth to 18 to 28 rediae. These firstgeneration rediae are able to produce daughter rediae as well as cercariae. It seemed that not all of the first-generation rediae started to produce daughter rediae first. Some of the rediae began by producing cercariae and produced a few daughter rediae later alongside numerous cercariae. There is some evidence that the subsequent generations of rediae are also capable of developing daughter rediae and cercariae simultaneously.

(4) The first young cercariae to leave the parent rediae were observed 21 days after exposure of the snails to a single miracidium each, and the first shedding of mature cercariae was noted 42 days after the exposure, the snails being kept at 20°C.

1. Skrjabinotaenia cricelomydis n.sp. is described from 18 specimens taken from Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, near Ibadan, Nigeria.

2. Apolytic proglottides are described and also some details of development of the eggs.

3. Details of the anatomy are given and their significance in deciding the relationship with other genera and species is discussed.

4. The regrouping of a number of species into the genus Skrjabinotaenia is proposed.

5. The diagnostic features of the genera Catenotaenia and Skrjabinotaenia are restated.

Labiduris africana Gedoelst, 1916 was collected from two tortoises belonging to the genus Kinixys, viz. K. australis in Swaziland and K. belliana in Nyasaland. It was originally described by Gedoelst from K. erosa in the Belgian Congo. A redescription from the new material is followed by a key to the known species of the genus Labiduris and a summary and discussion of the somewhat confusing literature on these species.

Leiper in 1908, created the sub-family Trichostrongylinae in his new family Metastrongylidae, for those small intestinal bursate nematodes without a buccal capsule. It included the genera Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Cooperia and Ostertagia. In 1912, he raised the status of this sub-family to family rank as Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912. All the original genera in this family have a double ovarian system in the female; Heligmosomum described by Railliet and Henry in 1909, has a single ovary and in 1914, Travassos created a new sub-family Heligmosominae for this and related species.

1. Helminth parasites may be important causes of disease and death among game birds, both among penned stock and in the field. S. trachea is probably the most important, but species of Heterakis follow closely, having both a direct and an indirect effect. T. tenuis must be considered as potentially important and may be responsible for much loss when the right ecological factors are present.

2. It is clear that game farmers will need to pay careful attention to methods of controlling the spread of helminths: in particular, to prevent the spread of T. tenuis, which can build up quickly to epizootic proportions on restricted areas where the bird population is high. Pheasants are potential hosts of this species and the death rate could easily be serious under careless management.

3. The presence of poultry near or with penned birds is fraught with danger as many helminths have a wide host distribution among related gallinaceous birds. Thus species of Capillaria and Heterakis which normally cause little trouble among poultry, can cause death and disease among game birds.

4. The few wild chicks examined were interesting. There is a heavy loss of wild chicks but only rarely are dead ones seen so that little is known about the cause of this loss. Adverse weather conditions and predators no doubt are important, but it is obvious from the few cases reported above, that S. trachea and H. isolonche may also be causes of considerable importance.

5. Many old birds are carriers of parasites and contaminate the ground with ova. Thus young stock with no resistance may well pick up lethal infestations, if they are allowed to graze land previously used by old birds.

A new cestode, Paradilepis maieki sp.nov. is described from the intestine of a Sacred Ibis in the Sudan, and differentiated from the other nearer species.

Some experiments were carried out on the migration route of the parasite N. brasiliensis. The infective larvae migrate to the lungs via the lymphatic system and not by the blood stream. The larvae reached the lymphatic gland draining the site of infection from 12 to 17 hours after normal exposure to infection and the lungs from 18 hours onwards.

This new species is a rare parasite of the freshwater fish Clarias lazera Cuvier and Valenciennes. Twenty-four fishes from the White Nile and the Blue Nile from Khartoum area in the Sudan were examined from October, 1957 to May, 1958. Only five fishes, all from the White Nile, were found to harbour this new species and each fish contained not more than two worms.

(1) Rats and mice are specific hosts to N. brasiliensis.

(2) The life span of the parasite may reach up to 100 days in the rat but is much shorter in other experimental animals.

(3) Chickens do not become infected with this parasite.

(4) It was found that the route of migration of this parasite inside the body to the lungs was via the lymph system and not via the blood in all experimental animals.

(5) The larvae, after application to the skin, reach the lymph glands draining the site of infection, not before 12 hours ; and they reach the lungs at 18 hours after exposure to infection.