Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-24hb2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T05:14:51.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001), Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

H. S. Gill*
Affiliation:
Milk and Health Research Centre, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
K. J. Rutherfurd
Affiliation:
Milk and Health Research Centre, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
J. Prasad
Affiliation:
New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
P. K. Gopal
Affiliation:
Milk and Health Research Centre, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author: Professor H. S. Gill, fax +64 6 350 5446, email h.s.gill@massey.ac.nz
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In order to study the mechanism by which increasing unsaturation of dietary fat lowers HDL-cholesterol levels, we studied various measures of HDL metabolism in hamsters fed with fats with different degrees of saturation. Hamsters were fed on a cholesterol-enriched (1 g/kg) semipurified diet containing 200 g/kg of maize oil, olive oil, or palm oil for 9 weeks. Increasing saturation of dietary fat resulted in increasing concentrations of total plasma cholesterol (4·29 (SD 0·51), 5·30 (sd 0·67) and 5·58 (sd 0·76) mmol/l respectively, n 12) and HDL-cholesterol (3·31 (sd 0·50), 3·91 (sd 0·12) and 3·97 (sd 0·43) mmol/l) and these concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the palm-oil and olive-oil-fed hamsters compared with the maize-oil group. Total plasma triacylglycerol levels also increased with increasing fat saturation (1·01 (sd 0·59), 1·56 (sd 0·65) and 2·75 (sd 1·03) mmol/l) and were significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the palm-oil group compared with the olive-oil and maize-oil-fed hamsters. The three diets did not have differential effects on plasma activity levels of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Levels of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) tended to be higher with increasing fat saturation but this effect was not significant. The capacity of liver membranes to bind human HDL3 was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the hamsters fed with maize oil (810 (sd 100) ng HDL3 protein/mg membrane protein, n 4) compared with those fed on palm oil (655 (sd 56) ng/mg), whereas the olive-oil group had intermediate values (674 (sd 26) ng/mg). The affinity of HDL3 for the binding sites was not affected by the type of dietary fat. Hepatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity, measured in liver homogenates, increased with increasing fat saturation. We conclude that dietary maize oil, when compared with either olive oil or palm oil, may lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations by enhancing HDL binding to liver membranes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

References

Arunachalam, K, Gill, HS and Chandra, RK (1999) Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baradana, EJ (1985) Recent developments in immunomodulatory therapy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 5, 423437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claassen EVan Winsen, RPosno, M & Boersma, WJA (1995) New and safe oral live vaccines based on Lactobacillus. In Advances in Mucosal Immunology, pp. 15531558 [Ogra Mestecky, PLLamm, JStrober, MEMcGhee, WJR and Bienenstock, J, editors]. New York, NY: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Cross, ML and Gill, HS (1999) Modulation of immune function by a modified bovine whey protein concentrate. Immunology and Cell Biology 77, 288296.Google Scholar
De Simone, C, Bianchi Salvadori, B, Negri, R, Ferrazzi, M, Baldinelli, L and Vesely, R (1986) The adjuvant effect of yogurt on production of gamma-interferon by ConA-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes .Nutrition Reports International 33, 419433.Google Scholar
De Simone, C, Rosati, E, Moretti, S, Bianchi Salvadori, B, Vesely, R and Jirillo, E (1991) Probiotics and stimulation of the immune response European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45(Suppl.), 3234.Google Scholar
De Simone, C, Vesely, R, Negri, R, Bianchi Salvadori, B, Zanzoglu, S, Cilli, A and Lucci, L (1987) Enhancement of immune response of murine Peyer's patches by a diet supplemented with yoghurt .Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 9, 87100.Google Scholar
Dziarski, R (1991) Demonstration of peptidoglycan-binding sites on lymphocytes and macrophages by photoaffinity cross-linking. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 47134718.Google Scholar
Edelman, AS and Zolla-Pazner, S (1989) AIDS: a syndrome of immune dysregulation, dysfunction and deficiency. FASEB Journal 3, 7984.Google Scholar
Gill, HS (1998) Stimulation of the immune system by lactic cultures. International Dairy Journal 8, 535544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, HS, Watson, DL and Brandon, MR (1992) In vivo inhibition by a monoclonal antibody to CD4+ T cells of humoral and cellular immunity in sheep. Immunology 77, 3842.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldin, BR (1998) Health benefits of probiotics British Journal of Nutrition 80(Suppl. 2), S203S207.Google Scholar
Goodwin, JS (1995) Decreased immunity and increased morbidity in the elderly Nutrition Reviews 53, S41S46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halpern, GM, Vruwink, KG Van De Water, J, Keen, CL and Gershwin, ME (1991) Influence of long-term yoghurt consumption in young adults. International Journal of Immunotherapy 7, 205210.Google Scholar
Isolauri, E, Joensus, J, Suomalainen, H, Luomala, M and Vesikari, T (1995) Improved immunogenicity of oral DxRRX reabsorbant rotavirus vaccine by Lactobacillus casei GG. Vaccine 13, 310312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johann, S Blümel G, Lipp, M and Förster R (1995) A versatile flow cytometry-based assay for the determination of short- and long-term natural killer cell activity. Journal of Immunological Methods 185, 209216.Google Scholar
Kato, I, Yokokawa, T and Mutai, M (1981) Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei in mice. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research (Gann) 72, 517523.Google Scholar
Khansari, DN, Murgo, AJ and Faith, AE (1990) Effects of stress on the immune system. Immunology Today 11, 170175.Google Scholar
Lefrancois, L (1994) Basic aspects of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunobiology. In Handbook of Mucosal Immunology, pp. 287290 [Ogra, PL, Mestecky, J, Lamm, ME, Strober, W, McGhee, JR and Bienenstock, J, editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Link-Amster, H, Rochat, F, Saudan, KY, Mignot, O and Aeschlimann, JM (1994) Modulation of a specific humoral immune response and changes in intestinal flora mediated through fermented milk intake FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 10, 5564.Google Scholar
Lloyd, JB, Gill, HS and Husband, AJ (1995) The effect of storage on immunophenotyping of sheep lymphocyte by flow cytometry. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 47, 131142.Google Scholar
Majamaa, H, Isolauri, E, Saxelin, M and Vesikari, T (1995) Lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 20, 333338.Google Scholar
Mekori, YA (1996) Introduction to allergic diseases. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 36, S1S18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikes, Z, Ferenicik, M, Jahnova, E, Ebringer, L and Ciznar, I (1995) Hypocholesterolemic and immunostimulatory effects of orally applied. Enterococcus faecium M-74 in man Folia Microbiologica 40, 639646.Google Scholar
Mossmann, TR and Coffman, RL (1989) Th1 and Th2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annual Review of Immunology 7, 145173.Google Scholar
Murray, HW (1988) Interferon-gamma, the activated macrophages, and host defense against microbial challenge .Annals of International Medicine 108, 595608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nader de Macias, ME, Apella, MC, Romero, NC, Gonzalez, SN and Oliver, G (1992) Inhibition of Shigella sonnei by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 73, 407411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussler, AK and Thomson, AW (1992) Immunomodulatory agents in the laboratory and clinic. Parasitology 105, S5S23.Google Scholar
Paubert-Braquet, M, Gan, X-H, Gaudichon, C, Hedef, N, Serikoff, A, Bouley, C, Bonavida, B and Braquet, P (1995) Enhancement of host resistance against Salmonella typhimurium in mice fed a diet supplemented with yogurt or milks fermented with various. Lactobacillus casei strains International Journal of Immunotherapy 11, 153161.Google Scholar
Pawelec, G, Adibzadeh, M, Pohla, H and Schaudt, K (1995) Immunosenescence: aging of the immune system. Immunology Today 16, 420422.Google Scholar
Perdigon, G & Alvarez, S (1992) Probiotics and the immune state. In Probiotics, pp. 146176 [Fuller, R, editor]. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Perdigon, G, de Marcias, MEN, Alvarez, S, Oliver, G and de Ruiz Holgado, AP (1986) Effect of perorally administered lactobacilli on macrophage activation in mice. Infection and Immunity 53, 404410.Google Scholar
Phillips-Quagiliata, JM & Lamm, ME (1994) Lymphocyte homing to mucosal effector sites. In Handbook of Mucosal Immunology, pp. 287290 [Ogra, PL, Mestecky, J, Lamm, ME, Strober, W, McGhee, JR and Bienenstock, J, editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Plata, EJ and Murphy, WH (1972) Growth and hematologic properties of the BALB/wm strain of inbred mice. Laboratory Animal Science 22, 712720.Google Scholar
Prasad, J, Gill, HS, Smart, JB and Gopal, PK (1999) Selection and characterisation of Lactobacillus and >Bifidobacterium strains for use as probiotics. International Dairy Journal 8, 9931002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roitt, IBrostoff, J & Male, D (1989) Immunology, 2nd ed. London: Gower Medical Publishing.Google Scholar
Ryan, JJ (1997) Interleukin-4 and its receptors: essential mediators of the allergic response. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 99, 16.Google Scholar
Salminen, S, Ouwehand, AC and Isolauri, E (1998) Clinical applications of Probiotic bacteria. International Dairy Journal 8, 563572.Google Scholar
Schiffrin, EJ, Brassart, D, Servin, A, Rochat, F and Donnet-Hughes, A (1997) Immune modulation of blood leukocytes in humans by lactic acid bacteria: criteria for strain selection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, 515S520S.Google Scholar
Shida, K, Makino, K, Morishita, A, Takamizawa, K, Hachimura, S, Ametani, A, Sato, T, Kumagai, Y, Habu, S and Kaminogawa, S (1998) Lactobacillus casei inhibits antigen-induced IgE secretion through regulation of cytokine production in murine splenocyte cultures. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 115, 278287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solis Pereyra, B and Lemonnier, D (1991) Induction of 2-5A synthetase activity and interferon in humans by bacteria used in dairy products. European Cytokine Network 2, 137140.Google Scholar
Thyphronitis, G, Tsokos, GC, June, CH, Levine, AD and Finkelmen, FD (1989) IgE secretion by Epstein-Bar virus-infected purified human B lymphocytes is stimulated by interleukin 4 and suppressed by interferon γ .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86, 55805584.Google Scholar
Wan, CP, Park, CS and Lau, BHS (1993) A rapid and simple microfluorometric phagocytosis assay. Journal of Immunological Methods 162, 17.Google Scholar
Woodward, B (1998) Protein, calories and immune defenses. Nutrition Reviews 56, S84S92.Google Scholar
Xu-Amano, J, Jackson, RJ, Fujihashi, K, Kiyono, H, Staats, HF and McGhee, JR (1994) Helper Th1 and Th2 cell responses following mucosal or systemic immunization with cholera toxin .Vaccine 12, 903911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yasui, H, Mike, A and Ohwaki, M (1989) Immunogenicity of Bifidobacterium breve and change in antibody production in Peyer's patches after oral administration. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 3035.Google Scholar
Zinkernagal, RM and Hengartner, H (1997) Antiviral immunity. Immunology Today 18, 258259.Google Scholar