Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-27gpq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T02:43:02.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

High-speed photography of the development of microdamage in trabecular bone during compression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2006

Philipp J. Thurner*
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
Blake Erickson
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
Zachary Schriock
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
John Langan
Affiliation:
Computational Sensors Corp., Santa Barbara, California 93103
Jeff Scott
Affiliation:
Computational Sensors Corp., Santa Barbara, California 93103
Maria Zhao
Affiliation:
Computational Sensors Corp., Santa Barbara, California 93103
James C. Weaver
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Georg E. Fantner
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Patricia Turner
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Johannes H. Kindt
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Georg Schitter
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Daniel E. Morse
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Paul K. Hansma
Affiliation:
Physics Department, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: thurner@physics.ucsb.edu This paper was selected as the Outstanding Meeting Paper for the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting Symposium L Proceedings, Vol. 874.
Get access

Abstract

The mechanical properties of healthy and diseased bone tissue were extensively studied in mechanical tests. Most of this research was motivated by the immense costs of health care and social impacts due to osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and the aged. Osteoporosis results in bone loss and change of trabecular architecture, causing a decrease in bone strength. To address the problem of assessing local failure behavior of bone, we combined mechanical compression testing of trabecular bone samples with high-speed photography. In this exploratory study, we investigated healthy, osteoarthritic, and osteoporotic human vertebral trabecular bone compressed at high strain rates. Apparent strains were found to transfer into to a broad range of local strains. Strained trabeculae were seen to whiten with increasing strain. Comparison of whitened regions seen in high-speed photography sequences with scanning electron micrographs showed that the observed whitening was due to the formation of microcracks. From the results of a motion energy filter applied to the recorded movies, we saw that the whitened areas are, presumably, also areas of high deformation. In summary, high-speed photography allows the detection of microdamage in real time, leading toward a better understanding of the local processes involved in bone failure.

Type
Outstanding Meeting Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Keaveny, T.M., Hayes, W.C.: A 20-year perspective on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. J. Biomech. Eng. 115, 534 (1993).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.III, L.J. Melton, Chrischilles, E.A., Cooper, C., Lane, A.W., Riggs, B.L.: Perspective. How many women have osteoporosis? J. Bone Miner. Res. 7, 1005 (1992).Google Scholar
3.Kanis, J.A.: Osteoporosis: A view into the next century. Neth. J. Med. 50(5), 198 (1997).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.McBroom, R.J., Hayes, W.C., Edwards, W.T., Goldberg, R.P., III, A.A. White: Prediction of vertebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed tomography. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 67, 1206 (1985).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Silva, M.J., Keaveny, T.M., Hayes, W.C.: Load sharing between the shell and centrum in the lumbar vertebral body. Spine 22(2)), 140 (1997).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Muller, R., Gerber, S.C., Hayes, W.C.: Micro-compression: A novel technique for the nondestructive assessment of local bone failure. Technol. Health Care 6, 433 (1998).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Bay, B.K., Smith, T.S., Fyhrie, D.P., Saad, M.: Digital volume correlation: Three-dimensional strain mapping using x-ray tomography. Exp. Mech. 39(3), 217 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Nicolella, D.P., Nicholls, A.E., Lankford, J., Davy, D.T.: Machine vision photogrammetry: A technique for measurement of microstructural strain in cortical bone. J. Biomech. 34(1), 135 (2001).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Nazarian, A., Muller, R.: Time-lapsed microstructural imaging of bone failure behavior. J. Biomech. 37(1), 55 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Thurner, P., Wyss, P., Voide, R., Stauber, M., Muller, B., Stampanoni, M., Hubell, J.A., Muller, R., Sennhauser, U. Functional micro-imaging of soft and hard tissue using synchrotron light, in Developments in X-Ray Tomography IV, edited by Bonse, U. (The International Society for Optical Engineering [SPIE], Bellingham, WA), Vol. 5535, pp. 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Thurner, P.J., Wyss, P., Voide, R., Stauber, M., Stampanoni, M., Sennhauser, U., Muller, R. Time-lapsed investigation of three-dimensional failure and damage accumulation in trabecular bone using snychrotron light. Bone (2006, in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Currey, J.D.: Bones: Structure and Mechanics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Bay, B.K.: Texture correlation: a method for the measurement of detailed strain distributions within trabecular bone. J. Orthop. Res. 13(2), 258 (1995).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Adelson, E.H., Bergen, J.R.: Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 2(2), 284 (1985).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Odgaard, A., Hvid, I., Linde, F.: Compressive axial strain distributions in cancellous bone specimens. J. Biomech. 22, 829 (1989).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Bonfield, W., Grynpas, M.D.: Spiral fracture of cortical bone. J. Biomech. 15, 555 (1982).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Osvalder, A.L., Neumann, P., Lovsund, P., Nordwall, A.: A method for studying the biomechanical load response of the (in-vitro) lumbar spine under dynamic flexion shear loads. J. Biomech. 26, 1227 (1993).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Cherry, B.W., Hin, T.S.: Stress whitening in polyethylene. Polymer 22, 1610 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Nalla, R.K., Kinney, J.H., Ritchie, R.O.: Mechanistic fracture criteria for the failure of human cortical bone. Nat. Mater. 2(3), 164 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Fantner, G.E., Hassenkam, T., Kindt, J.H., Weaver, J.C., Birkedal, H., Pechenik, L., Cutroni, J.A., Cidade, G.A.G., Stucky, G.D., Morse, D.E., and Hansma, P.K.: Sacrificial bonds and hidden length dissipate energy as mineralized fibrils separate during bone fracture. Nature Mater. 4 612 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Nagaraja, S., Couse, T.L., Guldberg, R.E.: Trabecular bone microdamage and microstructural stresses under uniaxial compression. J. Biomech. 38, 707 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed