Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:55:47.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the applicability of the x-ray diffraction line profile analysis in extracting grain size and microstrain in nanocrystalline materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

H. G. Jiang ,
M. Rühle  and
E. J. Lavernia
H. G. Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical, Biochemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2575
M. Rühle
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Seestrasse 92, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany
E. J. Lavernia
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical, Biochemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2575
Get access

Abstract

Measurements of x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles have been performed on commercially pure Fe and Al powders, cryomilled Fe–3 wt.% Al powders, cold pressed (CP) pure Fe and Al, hot pressed (HP) and hot isostatically pressed (HIP) Fe–3 wt.% Al. Scherrer equation (SE), integral breadth analysis (IBA), and single-line approximation (SLA) methods have been employed to extract grain size and microstrain. The results demonstrate that, in the case of the cryomilled nanocrystalline Fe–3 wt.% Al powders, all these XRD techniques yielded reasonable, consistent grain size results. However, discrepancies were found in cold pressed (CP-Fe), hot pressed (HP-Fe–3 wt.% Al), and hot isostatically pressed (HIP-Fe–3 wt.% Al) samples. TEM imaging revealed the presence of a certain density of dislocations inside the grains in the HP-Fe–3 wt.% Al and HIP-Fe–3 wt.% Al, which is thought to be partly or fully responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , February 1999 , pp. 549 - 559
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Gleiter, H., Prog. Mater. Sci. 33, 223 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Suryanarayana, C., Int. Mater. Rev. 40, 41 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Gleiter, H., Deformation of Polycrystals: Mechanisms and Microstructures, edited by Hansen, N.et al. (Riso National Laboratory, Roskïlde, Denmark, 1981), p. 15.Google Scholar
4.Siegel, R. W., Processing of Metals and Alloys, Materials Science and Technology, edited by Cahn, R.W. (VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1991), Vol. 15, p. 583.Google Scholar
5.Birringer, R., Gleiter, H., Klein, H. P., and Marquart, P., Phys. Lett. 102A, 365 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Koch, C. C., Nanostructured Mater. 2, 109 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Hellstern, E., Fecht, H. J., Fu, Z., and Johnson, W. L., J. Mater. Res. 4, 1292 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Lu, K., Wei, W.D., and Wang, J.T., J. Appl. Phys. 69, 7345 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Palumbo, G., Thorpe, S. J., and Aust, K. T., Scripta Metall. Mater. 24, 1347 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Chou, C. H. and Phillips, J., J. Mater. Res. 7, 2107 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Tellkamp, V. L., Lau, M. L., Fabel, A., and Lavernia, E.J., Nano-Structured Mater. 9, 489 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Weissmuller, J., Synthesis and Processing of Nanocrystalline Powder, edited by Bourell, D. L. (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1996).Google Scholar
13.Bohn, R., Oehring, M., Pfullmann, Th., Appel, F., and Bormann, R., Processing and Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials, edited by Suryanarayana, C., Singh, J., and Froes, F. H. (The Mineral, Metals & Materials Society, 1996), p. 355.Google Scholar
14.Siegel, R. W., Ramasamy, S., Hahn, H., Li, Z.Q., and Lu, T., J. Mater. Res. 3, 1367 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Klug, H. P. and Alexander, L. E., X-ray Diffraction Procedures (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974), p. 643.Google Scholar
16.Scherrer, P., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen, Math. Phys. K1 (2), 98 (1918).Google Scholar
17.de Keijser, Th.H., Langford, J. I., Mittemeijer, E.J., and Vogels, A. B. P., J. Appl. Crystallogr. 15, 308 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Warren, B.E. and Averbach, B.L., J. Appl. Phys. 21, 595 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Williamson, G.K. and Hall, W.H., Acta Metall. 1, 22 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Wagner, C.N.J and Aqua, E. N., Advances in X-ray Analysis (Plenum Press, New York, 1964), Vol. 7, p. 46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Gupta, R.K. and Anantharaman, T. R., Z. Metallkd. 62, 732 (1971).Google Scholar
22.He, L. and Ma, E., J. Mater. Res. 11, 72 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Pradhan, S.K., Chakraborty, T., Sen Gupta, S. P., Suryanarayana, C., Frefer, A., and Froes, F. H., NanoStructured Mater. 5, 53 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Hoffmann, M. and Birringer, R., Acta Mater. 44, 2729 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Dogan, C.P., Rawers, J. C., Govier, R. D., and Korth, G., Nano-Structured Mater. 4, 631 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Nieman, G.W., Ph.D. Thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (1991).Google Scholar
27.Perez, R.J., Jiang, H. G., and Lavernia, E. J., NanoStructured Mater. 9, 71 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Perez, R. J., Huang, B., and Lavernia, E.J., NanoStructured Mater. 7, 565 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Lau, M. L., Jiang, H. G., Perez, R. J., Juarez-Islas, J., and Lavernia, E. J., NanoStructured Mater. 7, 847 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Wilson, A. J. C., X-ray Optics (Methuen, London, 1949), p. 65.Google Scholar
31.Langford, J. I., J. Appl. Crystallogr. 11, 10 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Massalski, T.B., Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1990).Google Scholar
33.Malow, T.R. and Koch, C. C., Synthesis and Processing of Nanocrystalline Powder, edited by Bourell, D. L. (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1996), p. 33.Google Scholar
34.Ouyang, H., Fultz, B., and Kuwano, H., Nanophases and Nanocrystalline Structures, edited by Shull, R. D. and Sanchez, J.M. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994), p. 95.Google Scholar
35.Fultz, B., Kuwano, H., and Ouyang, H., J. Appl. Phys. 76, 5691 (1994).Google Scholar
36.Rawers, J., Groza, J., and Korth, G., Synthesis and Processing of Nanocrystalline Powder, edited by Bourell, D.L. (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1996), p. 163.Google Scholar
37.Goodrich, D.M. and Atzmon, M., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials, edited by Schulz, R., Quebec, 1995.Google Scholar
38.Jiang, H.G. and Lavernia, E. J., unpublished results.Google Scholar