Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T11:51:14.026Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Criteria for Choosing Transparent Conductors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Roy G. Gordon
Get access

Extract

Transparent, electrically conductive films have been prepared from a wide variety of materials. These include semiconducting oxides of tin, indium, zinc, and cadmium, and metals such as silver, gold, and titanium nitride. In this article, the physical properties of these materials are reviewed and compared.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 25 , Issue 8: Transparent Conducting Oxides , August 2000 , pp. 52 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Mochel, J.M., U.S. Patent No. 2,564,706 (1947).Google Scholar
2.McMaster, H.A., U.S. Patent No. 2,429,420 (1947).Google Scholar
3.Lytle, W.O. and Junge, A.E., U.S. Patent No. 2,566,346 (1951).Google Scholar
4.Mochel, J.M., U.S. Patent No. 2,564,707 (1951).Google Scholar
5.Holland, L. and Siddall, G., Vacuum III (1955).Google Scholar
6.Dates, H.F. and Davis, J.K., U.S. Patent No. 3,331,702 (1967).Google Scholar
7.Nozik, A.J., U.S. Patent No. 3,811,953 (1974).Google Scholar
8.Nozik, A.J. and Haacke, G., U.S. Patent No. 3,957,029 (1976).Google Scholar
9.Gordon, R.G., U.S. Patent No. 4,146,657 (1979).Google Scholar
10.Kurtz, S.R. and Gordon, R.G., Thin Solid Films 139 (1986) p. 277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Major, S., Banerjee, A., and Chopra, K.L., Thin Solid Films 122 (1984) p. 31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Minami, T., Nanto, H., and Takata, S., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2: Lett. 23 (1984) p. L280; T. Minami, H. Sato, H. Nanto, and S. Takata, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2: Lett. 24 (1985) p. L781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Qiu, S.N., Qiu, C.X., and Shih, I., Sol. Energy Mater. 15 (1987) p. 261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Vijayakumar, P.S., Blaker, K.A., Weiting, R.D., Wong, B., Halani, A.T., and Park, C., U.S. Patent No. 4,751,149 (1988).Google Scholar
15.Choi, B.H., Im, H.B., Song, J.S., and Yoon, K.H., Thin Solid Films 193 (1990) p. 712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Hu, J. and Gordon, R.G., Sol. Cells 30 (1991) p. 437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Hu, J. and Gordon, R.G., J. Appl. Phys. 71 (1992) p. 880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Hu, J. and Gordon, R.G., J. Appl. Phys. 72 (1992) p. 5381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Hu, J. and Gordon, R.G., in Microcrystalline Semiconductors: Materials Science & Devices, edited by P.M, Fauchet, C.C., Tsai, L.T., Canham, I., Shimizu, and Y., Aoyagi (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 283, Pittsburgh, 1993) p. 891.Google Scholar
20.Enoki, H., Nakayama, T., and Echigoya, J., Phys. Status Solidi A 129 (1992) p. 181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Minami, T., Sonohara, H., Takata, S., and Sato, H., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2: Lett. 33 (1994) p. L1693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.McGraw, J.M., Parilla, P.A., Schulz, D.L., Alleman, J., Wu, X., Mulligan, W.P., Ginley, D.S., and Coutts, T.J., in Film Synthesis and Growth Using Energetic Beams, edited by H.A., Atwater, J.T., Dickinson, D.H., Lowndes, and A., Polman (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 388, Pittsburgh, 1995) p. 51.Google Scholar
23.Gerhardinger, P.F. and McCurdy, R.J., in Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Related Device Applications, edited by D., Ginley, A., Catalano, H.W., Schock, C., Eberspacher, T.M., Peterson, and T., Wada (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 426, Pittsburgh, 1996) p. 399.Google Scholar
24.Gordon, R.G., in Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Related Device Applications, edited by D., Ginley, A., Catalano, H.W., Schock, C., Eberspacher, T.M., Peterson, and T., Wada (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 426, Pittsburgh, 1996) p. 419; a similar expression was proposed by V.K. Jain and A.P. Kulshreshtha, Sol. Energy Mater. 4 (1981) p. 151, without taking into account the reflection.Google Scholar
25.Coutts, T.J., Wu, X., Mulligan, W.P., and Webb, J.M., J. Electron. Mater. 25 (1996) p. 935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Haacke, G., J. Appl. Phys. 47 (9) (1976) p. 4086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. For example, see Nudelman, S. and Mitra, S.S., Optical Properties of Solids, Chap. 3 (Plenum Press, New York, 1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Hutson, A.R., J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1961) p. 2287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Button, K.J., Fonstad, C.G., and Dreybrodt, W., Phys. Rev. B 4 (1971) p. 4539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Mulligan, W.P., PhD thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 1997.Google Scholar
31.Bogner, G., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 19 (1961) p. 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Bellingham, J.R., Phillips, W.A., and Adkins, C.J., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 11 (5) (1992) p. 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Minami, T. (private communication).Google Scholar
34.Hassanein, M., J. Chem. U.A.R. 9 (1966) p. 275.Google Scholar
35.Gordon, R.G., U.S. Patent No. 4,187,336 (1980); U.S. Patent No. 4,419,386 (1983).Google Scholar
36.Chapple-Sokol, J.D., PhD thesis, Harvard University, 1988.Google Scholar
37.Wanka, H.N., Lotter, E., and Shubert, M.B., in Amorphous Silicon Technology–1994, edited by E.A., Schiff, M., Hack, A., Madan, M., Powell, and A., Matsuda (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 336, Pittburgh, 1994) p. 657.Google Scholar
38.Lide, D.R., ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999) p. 12.Google Scholar