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Neurocognitive consequences of HIV in southern India: A preliminary study of clade C virus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2006

TOKUGHA YEPTHOMI ,
ROBERT PAUL ,
SNIGDHA VALLABHANENI ,
N. KUMARASAMY ,
DAVID F. TATE ,
SUNITI SOLOMON  and
TIMOTHY FLANIGAN
TOKUGHA YEPTHOMI
Affiliation:
YRG Center for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
ROBERT PAUL
Affiliation:
Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Providence, Rhode Island
SNIGDHA VALLABHANENI
Affiliation:
Brown Medical School, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, Providence, Rhode Island
N. KUMARASAMY
Affiliation:
YRG Center for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
DAVID F. TATE
Affiliation:
Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Providence, Rhode Island
SUNITI SOLOMON
Affiliation:
YRG Center for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
TIMOTHY FLANIGAN
Affiliation:
Brown Medical School, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, Providence, Rhode Island
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Abstract

The neurocognitive impact of the clade C viral strain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine neurocognitive function in southern India among individuals with the clade C virus with advanced HIV. A battery of cognitive tasks sensitive to the effects of HIV on brain function was translated and administered in Tamil and Telegu, two widely spoken languages in southern India. A sample of 30 treatment-naïve HIV-positive individuals with a median CD4 cell count of 97, and 30 age and education matched healthy controls obtained from the same region of India, were included in the study. Results revealed significant differences on most cognitive tests, with lower performances obtained by the HIV-positive individuals. These results suggest that cognitive difficulties are present among individuals with the clade C virus in India, with as many as 56% of the patients with advanced HIV meeting the criterion for impairment in two cognitive domains. Additional study is needed to determine if clade C HIV infection is more or less prone to cause neurocognitive deficit than the clade B virus. Furthermore, the impact of antiretroviral therapy on neurocognitive dysfunction in clade C virual infection needs to be determined. (JINS, 2006, 12, 424–430.)

Keywords

HIVClade CCognitionDementia
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , May 2006 , pp. 424 - 430
Copyright
© 2006 The International Neuropsychological Society

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