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A model for the symmetry breaking of the reverse Bénard–von Kármán vortex street produced by a flapping foil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2009

RAMIRO GODOY-DIANA ,
CATHERINE MARAIS ,
JEAN-LUC AIDER  and
JOSÉ EDUARDO WESFREID
RAMIRO GODOY-DIANA*
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH)UMR 7636 CNRS ESPCI University Paris 6, Univ Paris 7 10, rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
CATHERINE MARAIS
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH)UMR 7636 CNRS ESPCI University Paris 6, Univ Paris 7 10, rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
JEAN-LUC AIDER
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH)UMR 7636 CNRS ESPCI University Paris 6, Univ Paris 7 10, rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
JOSÉ EDUARDO WESFREID
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH)UMR 7636 CNRS ESPCI University Paris 6, Univ Paris 7 10, rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: Ramiro@pmmh.espci.fr
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Abstract

The vortex streets produced by a flapping foil of span to chord aspect ratio of 4:1 are studied in a hydrodynamic tunnel experiment. In particular, the mechanisms giving rise to the symmetry breaking of the reverse Bénard–von Kármán (BvK) vortex street that characterizes fishlike swimming and forward flapping flight are examined. Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in the midplane perpendicular to the span axis of the foil are used to characterize the different flow regimes. The deflection angle of the mean jet flow with respect to the horizontal observed in the average velocity field is used as a measure of the asymmetry of the vortex street. Time series of the vorticity field are used to calculate the advection velocity of the vortices with respect to the free stream, defined as the phase velocity Uphase, as well as the circulation Γ of each vortex and the spacing ξ between consecutive vortices in the near wake. The observation that the symmetry-breaking results from the formation of a dipolar structure from each couple of counter-rotating vortices shed on each flapping period serves as the starting point to build a model for the symmetry-breaking threshold. A symmetry-breaking criterion based on the relation between the phase velocity of the vortex street and an idealized self-advection velocity of two consecutive counter-rotating vortices in the near wake is established. The predicted threshold for symmetry breaking accounts well for the deflected wake regimes observed in the present experiments and may be useful to explain other experimental and numerical observations of similar deflected propulsive vortex streets reported in the literature.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 622 , 10 March 2009 , pp. 23 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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References

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