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Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 3 (GRA3) is a type I transmembrane protein that possesses a cytoplasmic dilysine (KKXX) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2005

F. L. HENRIQUEZ ,
M. B. NICKDEL ,
R. MCLEOD ,
R. E. LYONS ,
K. LYONS ,
J.-F. DUBREMETZ ,
M. E. GRIGG ,
B. U. SAMUEL  and
C. W. ROBERTS
F. L. HENRIQUEZ
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK
M. B. NICKDEL
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK
R. MCLEOD
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
R. E. LYONS
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK Present address: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Livestock Applications of Biotechnology, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
K. LYONS
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK
J.-F. DUBREMETZ
Affiliation:
UMR CNRS 5539, Bt 24, CC 107, Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
M. E. GRIGG
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Present address: Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Heather Pavilion D459, VGH, 2733 Heather Street, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5Z 3J5.
B. U. SAMUEL
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL 60637, USA
C. W. ROBERTS
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK
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Abstract

Studies using antibodies to immunolocalize the Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein GRA3, have shown that this protein associates strongly with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). However, as there was no predicted membrane-spanning domain this highlighted an unanswered paradox. We demonstrate that the previously published sequence for GRA3 is actually an artificial chimera of 2 proteins. One protein, of molecular weight 65 kDa, shares the C-terminus with published GRA3 and possesses no significant sequence similarity with any protein thus far deposited in Genbank. The second, with a predicted molecular weight of 24 kDa shares the N-terminal region, is recognized by the monoclonal antibody 2H11 known to react with the dense granules of T. gondii and is therefore the authentic GRA3. The corrected GRA3 has an N-terminal secretory signal sequence and a transmembrane domain consistent with its insertion into the PVM. Antibodies to recombinant GRA3 recognize a protein of 24 kDa in T. gondii excretory–secretory antigen preparations. The signal peptide is necessary and sufficient to target GFP to the dense granules and parasitophorous vacuole. A homologue was identified in Neospora caninum. Finally, GRA3 possesses a dilysine ‘KKXX’ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif that rationalizes its association with PVM and possibly the host cell ER.

Keywords

ApicomplexanToxoplasmadense granulesendoplasmic reticulumNeosporaparasitophorous vacuole
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 131 , Issue 2 , August 2005 , pp. 169 - 179
Copyright
2005 Cambridge University Press

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