Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ws8qp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T12:06:00.975Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Arctic cruises of Prince Albert I of Monaco

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2008

Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre
Affiliation:
7 Square Kraemer, F-06240 Beausoleil, France (jacala@libertysurf.fr)
William Barr
Affiliation:
Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

Abstract

From an early age, Prince Albert I of Monaco evinced a strong fascination for the polar regions. But it was only after 1898 that he was able to mount four scientific cruises to Svalbard on his yacht, the second Princesse-Alice. The first cruise was an oceanographical and zoological reconnaissance, aimed mainly at adding to the collections of the Musée océanographique de Monaco, the construction of which had just started. In 1899, the focus was on the hydrography and topography of Raudfjorden, of which a map was published. In 1906, meteorology was added to the range of observations and surveys were pursued. The Prince also provided support for two other expeditions, that of the Norwegian, Gunnar Isachsen, to northwestern Spitsbergen, and that of the Scotsman, William Bruce, to Prins Karls Forland. The Prince's expedition in 1907 was aimed at completing the results from the previous summer. Prince Albert also lent his support, either financially, or through gifts or loans of oceanographic instruments, to numerous Arctic and Antarctic explorers. Finally, he showed a keen interest in environmental protection, especially in Svalbard. This is demonstrated by his responses to a questionnaire that Hugo Conwentz sent him in 1912.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

APM = Archives du Palais Princier, MonacoGoogle Scholar
AMOM = Archives du Musée océanographique, Monaco.Google Scholar
Académie Royale des Sciences de Suède. 1886–1891. Observations faites au Cap Thordsen, Spitzberg par l'expédition suédoise. Stockholm: P.A. Norsted and Söner.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1868a. Draft of a letter to Hippolyte Chevalet, 1st October 1868. Monaco: APM C.723.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1868b. Draft of a letter to Captain Reichstadt, November 1868. Monaco: APM C.723.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1868c. Letter to Prince Charles III, 25 November 1868. Monaco: APM C.525.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1882a. Letter to Prince Charles III, 25 March 1882. Monaco: APM C.525.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1882b. Letter to Prince Charles III, 11 April 1882. Monaco: APM C.525.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1882c. Letter to Prince Charles III, 9 May 1882. Monaco: APM C.525.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1884? [Untitled manuscript]. Monaco: AMOM Cahier A.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1898. Letter to Fridtjof Nansen, 22 June 1898. Oslo: Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslo, Handskriftsamlingen, MS. fol. 1924. 2hII, p. 2.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1899a. Manuscript ‘Conférence Société des naturalistes 1899 Museum’. Monaco: AMOM manuscrits du Prince Albert Ier.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1899b. Exploration océanographique aux régions polaires. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle 5 (1): 614.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1899c. Première campagne de la Princesse-Alice IIe. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 128 (4): 212214.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1899d. Letter to Jules Richard, 3 April 1899. Monaco: AMOM Correspondance du Prince Albert à Jules Richard.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1899e. Note, 13 June 1899. Monaco: APM B.235.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1899f. Note, 10 June 1899. Monaco: APM B.235.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1900a. Croisière dans les régions arctiques. La Grande Revue 14 (1): 128, (2): 356–378.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1900b. Manuscript ‘Deuxième croisière au Spitsberg’. Monaco: AMOM Cahier F.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1900c. Manuscript ‘1900. Société des naturalistes’. Monaco: AMOM Cahier G.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1900d. Deuxième voyage au Spitsberg. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 6 (1): 713.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1900e. Sur la deuxième campagne de la Princesse-Alice IIe. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 130 (6): 304306.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1907a. Meteorological researches in the high atmosphere. Scottish Geographical Magazine 23 (3): 113122.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1907b. Sur la huitième campagne de la Princesse-Alice II. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 144 (2): 5861.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1908. Sur la neuvième campagne de la Princesse-Alice. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 146 (24): 12441246.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1910a. Océan glacial Arctique, mouillages de la côte Ouest du Spitsberg. Campagnes scientifiques, Explorations Spitsberg: carte 3.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1910b. Océan glacial Arctique, Spitsberg (côte nord-ouest), carte dressée sous la direction de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco pendant les saisons d’été 1906 et 1907 par la mission Isachsen. Sondages côtiers par M. Bourée Lieutenant de vaisseau. Campagnes scientifiques, Explorations Spitsberg: carte 1, 2 sheets.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1910c. Discours de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco (Séance solennelle d'inauguration, 29 mars 1910). In: Discours prononcés à l'occasion des Fêtes d'Inauguration du Musée Océanographique de Monaco, 29 mars 1910–1er avril 1910. S.l.: Imprimerie Draeger: 5–11.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1913. Letter to Hugo Conwentz, 15 February 1913. Monaco: AMOM manuscrits du Prince Albert Ier.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1966. La carrière d'un navigateur. Monaco: Editions des Archives du Palais princier.Google Scholar
Albert I of Monaco. 1998. Des uvres de science, de lumière et de paix (Editor J. Carpine-Lancre). Monaco: Palais de S.A.S. le Prince.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1897. Le Spitzberg station d’été. Revue Scientifique (Revue Rose) (4e série) 8 (11): 351.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1904. Spitzberg. In: Nouveau Larousse illustré, Dictionnaire universel encyclopédique. Paris: Librairie Larousse 7: 791, col. a.Google Scholar
Barr, S. 2003. Norway – a consistent polar nation? Analysis of an image seen through the history of the Norwegian Polar Institute. Oslo: Kolofon.Google Scholar
Bienaimé, A., and others. 1894. Voyage de ‘La Manche’ à l’île Jan-Mayen et au Spitzberg (juillet-août 1892). Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar
Blanchy, J. 1899. Note, 14 June 1899. Monaco: APM B.235.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S. 1899. With the yachts ‘Blencathra’ and ‘Princesse-Alice’ to the Barents and Greenland Seas. Scottish Geographical Magazine 15 (3): 113126.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S. 1900. Spitsbergen, 1898 and 1899: voyages with H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco. Scottish Geographical Magazine 16 (9): 534550.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S. 1907. Prince Charles Foreland. Scottish Geographical Magazine 23 (3): 141156.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S. 1908. The exploration of Prince Charles Foreland, 1906–1907. Geographical Journal 32 (2): 139150.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S. 1911. Scottish exploration in Prince Charles Foreland 1906 and 1907. In: Compte Rendu des Travaux du Congrès (Neuvième Congrès international de Géographie, Genève, 27 juillet – 6 août 1908) 3: 242–254.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S. 1913. Completion of the map of Prince Charles Foreland, Spitsbergen. Scottish Geographical Magazine 29 (11): 598599.Google Scholar
Bruce, W.S., and Mathieson, E.J.. 1913. Map of Prince Charles Foreland from surveys by W.S. Bruce and E.J. Mathieson. Paris: impr. Erhard frères.Google Scholar
Bruijne, A. de, and others. 1879. De verslagen omtrent den tocht met de Willem Barents naar en in de Ijsee, in den zomer van 1878. Amsterdam: C.L. Brinkman.Google Scholar
Carpine, C. 2002. La pratique de l'océanographie au temps du Prince Albert Ier. Monaco: Musée océanographique.Google Scholar
Charles XV of Sweden and Norway. 1872. Copy of a letter to Prince Charles III of Monaco, 20 February 1872. Monaco: APM A.565/9.Google Scholar
Cocks, A.H. 1882. Notes of a naturalist on the west coast of Spitzbergen. Zoologist 6 (69): 321332, 378386, 404418.Google Scholar
Conway, M. 1906. No man's land. A history of Spitsbergen from its discovery in 1596 to the beginning of the scientific exploration of the country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Conwentz, H. 1912. Letter and questionnaire to Prince Albert I of Monaco, 5 August 1912 and 23 October 1912. Monaco: AMOM Dossier protection de la nature.Google Scholar
Daubrée, A. 1880. Préface. In: Nordenskiold, A.E.Notre expédition au pôle nord et la découverte du passage du Nord-Est. Paris: Paul Paclot: 716.Google Scholar
Guissez, T.N.J. 1900. Océan glacial Arctique. Spitsberg (côte N.O.). Baie Red: plan levé en juillet et août 1899. In: Albert Ier Prince de Monaco. Campagnes scientifiques. Histoire des Voyages. Carte 6. Paris: Imprimerie Vieillemard fils et cie.Google Scholar
Hall, C.F. 1865. Life with the Esquimaux: a narrative of Arctic experience in search of survivors of Sir John Franklin's expedition, by Captain Charles Francis Hall, of the whaling barque ‘George Henry,’ from May 29, 1860, to September 13, 1862. Popular edition. London: Sampson Low, Son and Marston.Google Scholar
Hergesell, H. 1907. L'exploration de l'atmosphère libre au-dessus des régions arctiques. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 144 (21): 11871189.Google Scholar
Hoel, A. 1914. Exploration du Nord-Ouest du Spitsberg entreprise sous les auspices de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco par la Mission Isachsen. Troisième partie (Géologie). Résultats des Campagnes scientifiques, accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco 42: 168.Google Scholar
Holland, C. 1994. Arctic exploration and development: c.500b.c. to 1915. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1907a. Spitsbergenekspeditionen 1906. Norske geografiske Selskabs Aarbog 18: 87118.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1907b. La mission Isachsen au Spitsberg (croisière de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco, 1906). Annales de Géographie 16 (88): 316319.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1907c. The Prince of Monaco's expedition to Spitzbergen. Geographical Journal 29 (4): 462463.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1907d. Isforholdene omkring Spitsbergen 1907. Norske geografiske Selskabs Aarbog 18: 119125.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1908. Les glaces autour du Spitsberg en 1907. Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique, Monaco 5 (114): 18.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1912. Exploration du Nord-Ouest du Spitsberg entreprise sous les auspices de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco par la Mission Isachsen. Première partie. Résultats des Campagnes scientifiques, accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco 40: 1–113.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G. 1915. Green Harbour, Spitsbergen. Scottish Geographical Magazine 31 (1): 122.Google Scholar
Isachsen, G., and Hoel, A.. 1913. Exploration du Nord-Ouest du Spitsberg entreprise sous les auspices de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco par la Mission Isachsen. Deuxième partie (Description du champ d'opération). Résultats des Campagnes scientifiques, accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco 41: 197.Google Scholar
Légation de Suède et Norvège. 1872. Letter to Vicomte de Grandsaigne, 23 March 1872. APM A.566/3.Google Scholar
Maigret, E. de. 1882. Letter to Prince Albert of Monaco, 2 October 1882. APM C.697.Google Scholar
Miot, P.-E. 1882. Letter to Prince Albert of Monaco, 15 September 1882. APM C.701.Google Scholar
Nansen, F. 1898. Letter to Prince Albert I of Monaco, 2 July 1898. AMOM Correspondance reçue de F. Nansen.Google Scholar
Rabot, C. 1898. Note and letters to Jules Richard, 23 March 1898; 8 June 1898; without date. AMOM, correspondance reçue de C. Rabot.Google Scholar
Rabot, C. 1899. Letter to Jules Richard, 22 February 1899. AMOM Correspondance reçue de C. Rabot.Google Scholar
Rabot, C. 1901. Carte de la Red bay (Spitsberg). La Géographie 3 (3): 243245.Google Scholar
Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1913. Exploration du Nord-Ouest du Spitsberg entreprise sous les auspices de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco par la Mission Isachsen. Cinquième partie (Observations botaniques). Résultats des Campagnes scientifiques, accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco 44: 183.Google Scholar
Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1920. Spitsbergen og fyrst Albert av Monaco. Norske Intelligens-sedler 16 February 1920.Google Scholar
Richard, J. 1898. Sur la faune des eaux douces explorées en 1898 pendant la campagne du yacht Princesse-Alice (Lofoten, Spitsberg, îles Beeren, Hope, de Barents et Færoer). Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France 11: 326338.Google Scholar
Richard, J. 1899. Notes d'excursions au Spitsberg et aux îles voisines. Comptes Rendus de la Société de Géographie 1899 (2): 6678.Google Scholar
Richard, J. 1908. Observations de température des eaux marines arctiques faites pendant les campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (1906–1907). Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique, Monaco 5 (112): 122.Google Scholar
Schetelig, J. 1912. Exploration du Nord-Ouest du Spitsberg entreprise sous les auspices de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco par la Mission Isachsen. Quatrième partie [Les formations primitives]. Résultats des Campagnes scientifiques, accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco 43: 132.Google Scholar
Scott Hansen, S. 1897. Letter to Prince Albert I of Monaco, 31 December 1897. AMOM, correspondance reçue de S. Scott Hansen.Google Scholar
Stoll, H. 1914a. Exploration entre la Van Mijens bay et l'Agardh bay (Spitsberg). Expédition sous le patronage de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco. La Géographie 29 (5): 313317.Google Scholar
Stoll, H. 1914b. Exploration between Van Mijens Bay and Agardhs Bay (Spitsbergen). Expedition under the patronage of H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco. Scottish Geographical Magazine 30 (6): 298300.Google Scholar
Stoll, H. 1914c. Esplorazione tra la baia Van Mijens e la baia Agardh nelle Spitzberghe. Spedizione posta sotto il patronato di S.A. il Principe di Monaco. Bollettino della Reale Società geografica (serie 5) 3 (7): 746752.Google Scholar
Tanner, Z.L. 1885. Report on the construction and outfit of the U.S. Fish commission steamer Albatross. Annual report of the Commissioner of fish and fisheries. 1883: 1116.Google Scholar
Tanner, Z.L. 1897. Deep-sea exploration: a general description of the steamer Albatross, her appliances and methods. Bulletin of the United States fish commission. 16 [= 1896]: 257–428.Google Scholar