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Prefrontal hypoactivation during working memory in bipolar II depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2015

J. O. Brooks III ,
N. Vizueta ,
C. Penfold ,
J. D. Townsend ,
S. Y. Bookheimer  and
L. L. Altshuler
J. O. Brooks III*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
N. Vizueta
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
C. Penfold
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
J. D. Townsend
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
S. Y. Bookheimer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
L. L. Altshuler
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: J. O. Brooks, Ph.D., M.D., Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, 300 Medical Plaza, Suite 2229, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. (Email: john.brooks@ucla.edu)
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Abstract

Background.

Patterns of abnormal neural activation have been observed during working memory tasks in bipolar I depression, yet the neural changes associated with bipolar II depression have yet to be explored.

Method.

An n-back working memory task was administered during a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging scan in age- and gender-matched groups of 19 unmedicated, bipolar II depressed subjects and 19 healthy comparison subjects. Whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses were performed to determine regions of differential activation across memory-load conditions (0-, 1- and 2-back).

Results.

Accuracy for all subjects decreased with higher memory load, but there was no significant group × memory load interaction. Random-effects analyses of memory load indicated that subjects with bipolar II depression exhibited significantly less activation than healthy subjects in left hemispheric regions of the middle frontal gyrus [Brodmann area (BA) 11], superior frontal gyrus (BA 10), inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), middle temporal gyrus (BA 39) and bilateral occipital regions. There was no evidence of differential activation related to increasing memory load in the dorsolateral prefrontal or anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions.

Bipolar II depression is associated with hypoactivation of the left medio-frontal and parietal cortex during working memory performance. Our findings suggest that bipolar II depression is associated with disruption of the fronto-parietal circuit that is engaged in working memory tasks, which is a finding reported across bipolar subtypes and mood states.

Keywords

Bipolar disorderdepressionfunctional MRIn-back taskneuroimagingprefrontal cortexworking memory
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 8 , June 2015 , pp. 1731 - 1740
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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