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Impulsivity in disorders of food and drug misuse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2014

T. B. Mole ,
M. A. Irvine ,
Y. Worbe ,
P. Collins ,
S. P. Mitchell ,
S. Bolton ,
N. A. Harrison ,
T. W. Robbins  and
V. Voon
T. B. Mole
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
M. A. Irvine
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Y. Worbe
Affiliation:
Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
P. Collins
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
S. P. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
S. Bolton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
N. A. Harrison
Affiliation:
Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
T. W. Robbins
Affiliation:
Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
V. Voon*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr V. Voon, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level E4, Box 189, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. (Email: voonval@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Background.

Evidence suggests some overlap between the pathological use of food and drugs, yet how impulsivity compares across these different clinical disorders remains unclear. Substance use disorders are commonly characterized by elevated impulsivity, and impulsivity subtypes may show commonalities and differences in various conditions. We hypothesized that obese subjects with binge-eating disorder (BED) and abstinent alcohol-dependent cohorts would have relatively more impulsive profiles compared to obese subjects without BED. We also predicted decision impulsivity impairment in obesity with and without BED.

Method.

Thirty obese subjects with BED, 30 without BED and 30 abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects and age- and gender-matched controls were tested on delay discounting (preference for a smaller immediate reward over a larger delayed reward), reflection impulsivity (rapid decision making prior to evidence accumulation) and motor response inhibition (action cancellation of a prepotent response).

Results.

All three groups had greater delay discounting relative to healthy volunteers. Both obese subjects without BED and alcohol-dependent subjects had impaired motor response inhibition. Only obese subjects without BED had impaired integration of available information to optimize outcomes over later trials with a cost condition.

Conclusions.

Delay discounting appears to be a common core impairment across disorders of food and drug intake. Unexpectedly, obese subjects without BED showed greater impulsivity than obese subjects with BED. We highlight the dissociability and heterogeneity of impulsivity subtypes and add to the understanding of neurocognitive profiles across disorders involving food and drugs. Our results have therapeutic implications suggesting that disorder-specific patterns of impulsivity could be targeted.

Keywords

Alcohol use disorderbinge-eating disorderdelay discountingimpulsivityobesitystop signal task
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 4 , March 2015 , pp. 771 - 782
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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