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Morpho-agronomic characterization and variation of indigo precursors in woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) accessions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2011

Luís Rocha ,
Carlos Carvalho ,
Sandra Martins ,
Fernando Braga  and
Valdemar Carnide
Luís Rocha
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
Carlos Carvalho
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology/Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
Sandra Martins
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
Fernando Braga
Affiliation:
Centre of Chemistry of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
Valdemar Carnide*
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology/Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: vcarnide@utad.pt
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Abstract

Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) was the most important source of natural blue indigo, a pigment used mainly for dyestuff until the beginning of the 20th century, when the increased use of synthetic dyes by the industry lead to a decrease in the interest of natural dyes and to the abandonment of dye crops. The aim of this study was to characterize, according to morphological and agronomical traits, 11 woad accessions from different countries and to quantify the indigo precursor content by high-performance liquid chromatograph-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Qualitative traits revealed a low variability and a great variation was observed in quantitative traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) diagrams divided the accessions into four groups, primarily according to their geographic origin. The first three components of the PCA accounted for 76.8% of the total variation. Reciprocal interactions between indigo precursors and fresh leaf weight were compared through genetic diversity, with significant differences in isatan B (0.5–5.1 g/kg), indoxyl (0.3–2.0 g/kg) and residual indigo (0.3–0.5 g/kg). This information, together with genetic data, can be used to assist local farmers to re-introduce Isatis species in the European agricultural system, not only indicating the higher indigo yielding genotypes, but also the most suitable harvest time.

Keywords

indigoisatan BIsatis tinctoria L.morphological traits
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , July 2011 , pp. 206 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2011

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