Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T14:40:56.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Elastic behavior of a core–shell metal–carbon nanotube composite foam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2014

Kassiopeia A. Smith
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
Mohamad B. Zbib
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
David F. Bahr*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Maxime J-F. Guinel
Affiliation:
Departments of Chemistry and Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 70377, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-8377
*
Address all correspondence to David F. Bahr at dfbahr@purdue.edu
Get access

Abstract

A simple method was used to electrodeposit a metallic coating on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays, herein referred to as turfs, creating an open cell, core–shell foam. The foam exhibited highly elastic behavior, approaching the amount of elastic recovery in compression of a pure CNT turf. The turfs were pre-treated with an acid bath, and were electroplated at low voltages with nickel and copper. This simple method can be expanded to prepare a large variety of nanostructured foams (e.g., the carbon support can be changed, the metal deposited selected and its thickness controlled) while maintaining their mechanical robustness.

Type
Research Letters
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Cao, A., Dickrell, P.L., Gregory Sawyer, W., Ghasemi-Nejhad, M.N. and Ajayan, P.M.: Super-compressible foamlike carbon nanotube films. Science 310, 1307 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.McCarter, C.M., Richards, R.F., Mesarovic, S., Richards, C.D., Bahr, D.F., McClain, D. and Jiao, J.: Mechanical compliance of photolithographically defined vertically aligned carbon nanotube turf. J. Mater. Sci. 41, 7872 (2006).Google Scholar
3.Qi, H.J., Teo, K.B.K., Lau, K.K.S., Boyce, M.C., Milne, W.I., Robertson, J. and Gleason, K.K.: Determination of mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and vertically aligned carbon nanotubeforests using nanoindentation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 2213 (2003).Google Scholar
4.Hutchens, S.B., Hall, L.J. and Greer, J.R.: In situ mechanical testing reveals periodic buckle nucleation and propagation in carbon nanotube bundles. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 2338 (2010).Google Scholar
5.Zbib, A.A., Dj Mesarovic, S., Lilleodden, E.T., McClain, D., Jiao, J. and Bahr, D.F.: The coordinated buckling of carbon nanotube turfs. Nanotechnology 19, 175704 (2008).Google Scholar
6.Johnson, R.D., Bahr, D.F., Richards, C.D., Richards, R.F., McClain, D., Green, J. and Jiao, J.: Thermocompression bonding of vertically aligned carbon nanotube turfs to metalized substrates. Nanotechnology 20, 065703 (2009).Google Scholar
7.Xu, J. and Fisher, T.S.: Enhancement of thermal interface materials with carbon nanotube arrays. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 49, 1658 (2006).Google Scholar
8.Erlebacher, J., Aziz, M.J., Karma, A., Dimitrov, N. and Sieradzki, K.: Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying. Nature 410, 450 (2001).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Biener, J., Hodge, A.M. and Hamza, A.V.: Microscopic failure behavior of nanoporous gold. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 121908 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Sun, Y., Kucera, K.P., Burger, S.A. and Balk, T.J.: Stability and thermomechanical behavior of crack-free thin films of nanoporous gold. Scrip. Mater. 58, 1018 (2008).Google Scholar
11.Abdolrahim, N., Bahr, D.F., Revard, B., Reilly, C., Ye, J., Balk, T.J. and Zbib, H.M.: The mechanical response of core–shell structures for nanoporous metallic materials. Phil. Mag. 93, 736 (2013).Google Scholar
12.Zhang, Y., Zhou, H. and Ren, C.: Research on surface metallization of carbon fiber based on electroless plating. Adv. Mater. Res. 189, 1301 (2011).Google Scholar
13.Hua, Z., Liu, Y., Yao, G., Wang, L., Ma, J. and Liang, L.: Preparation and characterization of nickel-coated carbon fibers by electroplating. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 21, 324 (2012).Google Scholar
14.Hildreth, O., Cola, B., Graham, S. and Wong, C. P.: Conformally coating vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays using thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 30, 03D101 (2012).Google Scholar
15.Jin, S.H., Jun, G.H., Hong, S.H. and Jeon, S.: Conformal coating of titanium suboxide on carbon nanotube networks by atomic layer deposition for inverted organic photovoltaic cells. Carbon 50, 4483 (2012).Google Scholar
16.Camacho, R.E., Morgan, A.R., Flores, M.C., McLeod, T.A., Kumsomboone, V.S., Mordecai, B.J., Bhattacharjea, R., Tong, W., Wagner, B.K., Flicker, J.D., Turano, S.P. and Ready, W.J.: Carbon nanotube arrays for photovoltaic applications. JOM 59, 39 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Abdolrahim, N., Mastorakos, I.N. and Zbib, H.M.: Deformation mechanisms and pseudoelastic behaviors in trilayer composite metal nanowires. Phys. Rev. 81, 054117 (2010).Google Scholar
18.Ross, C.A.: Electrodeposited multilayer thin films. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 24, 159 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Dong, L., Jiao, J., Pan, C. and Tuggle, D.W.: Effects of catalysts on the internal structures of carbon nanotubes and corresponding electron field-emission properties. Appl. Phys. A – Mater. Sci. Process. 78, 9 (2004).Google Scholar
20.Qiu, A. and Bahr, D.F.: The role of density in the mechanical response of CNT turfs. Carbon 55, 335 (2013).Google Scholar
21.Qiu, A., Bahr, D.F., Zbib, A.A., Bellou, A., Dj. Mesarovic, S., McClain, D., Hudson, W., Jiao, J., Kiener, D. and Cordill, M.J.: Local and non-local behavior and coordinated buckling of CNT turfs. Carbon 49, 1430 (2011).Google Scholar
22.Qiu, A., Fowler, S.P., Jiao, J., Kiener, D. and Bahr, D.F.: Time-dependent contact behavior between diamond and a CNT turf. Nanotechnology 22, 295702 (2011).Google Scholar