Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T03:51:37.969Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High-energy synchrotron x-ray techniques for studying irradiated materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2015

Jun-Sang Park ,
Xuan Zhang ,
Hemant Sharma ,
Peter Kenesei ,
David Hoelzer ,
Meimei Li  and
Jonathan Almer
Jun-Sang Park
Affiliation:
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
Xuan Zhang
Affiliation:
Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
Hemant Sharma
Affiliation:
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
Peter Kenesei
Affiliation:
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
David Hoelzer
Affiliation:
Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
Meimei Li
Affiliation:
Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
Jonathan Almer*
Affiliation:
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: almer@aps.anl.gov
Get access

Abstract

High performance materials that can withstand radiation, heat, multiaxial stresses, and corrosive environment are necessary for the deployment of advanced nuclear energy systems. Nondestructive in situ experimental techniques utilizing high energy x-rays from synchrotron sources can be an attractive set of tools for engineers and scientists to investigate the structure–processing–property relationship systematically at smaller length scales and help build better material models. In this study, two unique and interconnected experimental techniques, namely, simultaneous small-angle/wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy (FF-HEDM) are presented. The changes in material state as Fe-based alloys are heated to high temperatures or subject to irradiation are examined using these techniques.

Keywords

x-ray diffraction (XRD)steelradiation effects
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 9: Focus Issue: Characterization and Modeling of Radiation Damage on Materials: State of the Art, Challenges, and Protocols , 14 May 2015 , pp. 1380 - 1391
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Djamel Kaoumi

References

REFERENCES

Zinkle, S.J. and Singh, B.N.: Microstructure of neutron-irradiated iron before and after tensile deformation. J. Nucl. Mater. 351(1–3), 269 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B.N. and Evans, J.H.: Significant differences in defect accumulation behavior between FCC and BCC crystals under cascade damage conditions. J. Nucl. Mater. 226(3), 277 (1995).Google Scholar
Trinkaus, H., Singh, B.N., and Foreman, A.J.E.: Glide of interstitial loops produced under cascade damage conditions: Possible effects on void formation. J. Nucl. Mater. 199(1), 1 (1992).Google Scholar
Wollenberger, H.: Phase-transformations under irradiation. J. Nucl. Mater. 216, 63 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinkle, S.J. and Busby, J.T.: Structural materials for fission & fusion energy. Mater. Today 12(11), 12 (2009).Google Scholar
Haeffner, D.R., Almer, J.D., and Lienert, U.: The use of high energy X-rays for the advanced photon source to study stresses in materials. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 399(1), 120–127 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daymond, M.R., Young, M.L., Almer, J.D., and Dunand, D.C.: Strain and texture evolution during mechanical loading of a crack tip in martensitic shape-memory NiTi. Acta Mater. 55(11), 3929 (2007).Google Scholar
King, A., Johnson, G., Engelberg, D., Ludwig, W., and Marrow, J.: Observations of intergranular stress corrosion cracking in a grain-mapped polycrystal. Science 321(5887), 382 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulsen, H.F.: Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy: Mapping Polycrystals and their Dynamics. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Vol. 205; Springer-Verlag: Germany.Google Scholar
Suter, R., Hennessy, D., Xiao, C., and Lienert, U.: Forward modelling method for microstructure reconstruction using x-ray diffraction microscopy: Single-crystal verification. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 123905, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoelzer, D.T., Unocic, K.A., Manneschmidt, E.T., and Sokolov, M.A.: Reference Characterization of the Advanced ODS 14YWT-SM12 Heat Used in HFIR JP30/31 Neutron Irradiation Experiment, Fusion Reactor Materials Program DOE/ER-0313-0352, Vol. 52, 2012.Google Scholar
Shastri, S.D., Almer, J., Ribbing, C., and Cederstrom, B.: High-energy X-ray optics with silicon saw-tooth refractive lenses. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 14, 204 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute of Standards and Technology: X-Ray Powder Diffraction Intensity Set (Quantitative Powder Diffraction Standard), USA, 2012. https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=674B.Google Scholar
Zhang, F., Ilavsky, J., Long, G.G., Quintana, J.P.G., Allen, A.J., and Jemian, P.R.: Glassy carbon as an absolute intensity calibration standard for small-angle scattering. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41A(5), 1151 (2010).Google Scholar
Wang, L.Y., Li, M.M., and Almer, J.: In situ characterization of Grade 92 steel during tensile deformation using concurrent high energy X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray scattering. J. Nucl. Mater. 440(1–3), 81 (2013).Google Scholar
Busby, J.T.: Advanced materials for nuclear reactor systems: Alloys by design to overcome past limitations. In International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles (FR09): Challenges and Opportunities, Japan, 2009.Google Scholar
National Institute of Standards and Technology: Single Crystal Diffractometer Alignment Standard – Ruby Sphere, USA, 2001. https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=1990.Google Scholar
Sharma, H., Huizenga, R.M., and Offerman, S.E.: A fast methodology to determine the characteristics of thousands of grains using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction. I. Overlapping diffraction peaks and parameters of the experimental setup. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 45, 693 (2012).Google Scholar
Sharma, H., Huizenga, R.M., and Offerman, S.E.: A fast methodology to determine the characteristics of thousands of grains using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction. II. Volume, centre-of-mass position, crystallographic orientation and strain state of grains. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 45, 705 (2012).Google Scholar
Ilavsky, J. and Jemian, P.R.: Irena: Tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 42, 347 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offerman, S.E. and Sharma, H.: Grain nucleation and growth of individual austenite and ferrite grains studied by 3DXRD microscopy at the ESRF. In In-situ Studies with Photons, Neutrons and Electrons Scattering, Kannengiesser, T., Babu, S.S., Komizo, Y., and Ramirez, A.J. eds.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2010; p. 41.Google Scholar
Kocks, U.F., Tomé, C.N., Wenk, H.-R., and Mecking, H.: Texture and Anisotropy: Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and Their Effect on Materials Properties (Cambridge University Press, UK, 2000).Google Scholar
Mieszczynski, C., Kuri, G., Degueldre, C., Martin, M., Bertsch, J., Borca, C.N., Grolimund, D., Delafoy, C., and Simoni, E.: Irradiation effects and micro-structural changes in large grain uranium dioxide fuel investigated by micro-beam X-ray diffraction. J. Nucl. Mater. 444(1–3), 274 (2014).Google Scholar
Specht, E.D., Walker, F.J., and Liu, W.J.: X-ray microdiffraction analysis of radiation-induced defects in single grains of polycrystalline Fe. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 17, 250 (2010).Google Scholar
Peisl, H.: Defect properties from x-ray scattering experiments. J. Phys. Colloques. 37(C7), 47–53 (1976).Google Scholar
Grasse, D., Vonguerard, B., and Peisl, J.: Interstitial clustering in cascades in fast-neutron irradiated aluminum by diffuse-x-ray scattering. J. Nucl. Mater. 108(1–2), 169 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barabash, R.I., Ice, G.E., and Walker, F.J.: Quantitative microdiffraction from deformed crystals with unpaired dislocations and dislocation walls. J. Appl. Phys. 93(3), 1457 (2003).Google Scholar
Hofmann, F., Keegan, S., and Korsunsky, A.M.: Diffraction post-processing of 3D dislocation dynamics simulations for direct comparison with micro-beam Laue experiments. Mater. Lett. 89, 66 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaidya, W.V. and Ehrlich, K.: Radiation-induced recrystallization, its cause and consequences in heavy-ion irradiated 20-percent cold-drawn steels of type 1.4970. J. Nucl. Mater. 113(2–3), 149 (1983).Google Scholar
Rest, J.: Derivation of analytical expressions for the network dislocation density, change in lattice parameter, and for the recrystallized grain size in nuclear fuels. J. Nucl. Mater. 349(1–2), 150 (2006).Google Scholar
Stokes, A.R. and Wilson, A.J.C.: The diffraction of X rays by distorted crystal aggregates – I. Proc. Phys. Soc. 56, 174 (1944).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiung, L., Tumey, S., Fluss, M., Serruys, Y., and Willaime, F.: HRTEM study of the role of nanoparticles in ODS ferritic steel. Presented at the 2010 MRS Fall Meeting, USA, 2010.Google Scholar
Pan, X., Wu, X., Mo, K., Chen, X., Almer, J., Ilavsky, J., Haeffner, D.R., and Stubbins, J.F.: Lattice strain and damage evolution of 9-12%Cr ferritic/martensitic steel during in situ tensile test by X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering. J. Nucl. Mater. 407(1), 10 (2010).Google Scholar
Wang, L., Li, M., and Almer, J.: Investigation of deformation and microstructural evolution in Grade 91 ferritic-martensitic steel by in situ high-energy X-rays. Acta Mater. 62, 239 (2014).Google Scholar
Wong, S.L. and Dawson, P.R.: Influence of directional strength-to-stiffness on the elastic–plastic transition of fcc polycrystals under uniaxial tensile loading. Acta Mater. 58(5), 1658–1678 (2010), ISSN 1359-6454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.009.Google Scholar
Kocks, U.F.: The relation between polycrystal deformation and single-crystal deformation. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 1(5), 1121–1143 (1970).Google Scholar
Kocks, U.F., Canova, G.R., and Jonas, J.J.: Yield vectors in F.C.C. crystals. Acta Metall. 31(8), 1243–1252 (1983).Google Scholar
Ritz, H., Dawson, P., and Marin, T.: Analyzing the orientation dependence of stresses in polycrystals using vertices of the single crystal yield surface and crystallographic fibers of orientation space. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 58(1), 54–72 (2010), ISSN 0022-5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2009.08.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoller, R.E., Walker, F.J., Specht, E.D., Nicholson, D.M., Barabash, R.I., Zschack, P., and Ice, G.E.: Diffuse X-ray scattering measurements of point defects and clusters in iron. J. Nucl. Mater. 367, 269 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krivoglaz, M.A.: X-ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals (Springer Verlag, Germany, 1996).Google Scholar
Spino, J. and Papaioannou, D.: Lattice parameter changes associated with the rim-structure formation in high burn-up UO2 fuels by micro X-ray diffraction. J. Nucl. Mater. 281(2–3), 146 (2000).Google Scholar
Song, M., Wu, Y.D., Chen, D., Wang, X.M., Sun, C., Yu, K.Y., Chen, Y., Shao, L., Yang, Y., Hartwig, K.T., and Zhang, X.: Response of equal channel angular extrusion processed ultrafine-grained T91 steel subjected to high temperature heavy ion irradiation. Acta Mater. 74, 285 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, K.G., Barnard, L.M., Parish, C.M., Busby, J.T., Morgan, D., and Allen, T.R.: Dependence on grain boundary structure of radiation induced segregation in a 9 wt.% Cr model ferritic/martensitic steel. J. Nucl. Mater. 435(1–3), 172 (2013).Google Scholar
Alsabbagh, A., Valiev, R.Z., and Murty, K.L.: Influence of grain size on radiation effects in a low carbon steel. J. Nucl. Mater. 443(1–3), 302 (2013).Google Scholar
Han, W., Demkowicz, M.J., Mara, N.A., Fu, E., Sinha, S., Rollett, A.D., Wang, Y., Carpenter, J.S., Beyerlein, I.J., and Misra, A.: Design of radiation tolerant materials via interface engineering. Adv. Mater. 25(48), 6975 (2013).Google Scholar
Williamson, G.K. and Hall, W.H.: X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram. Acta Metall. 1(1), 22–31 (1953), ISSN 0001-6160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(53http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6.Google Scholar
Warren, B.E. and Averbach, B.L.: The effect of cold-work distortion on X-ray patterns. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 595–599 (1950). DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1699713.Google Scholar
Ungár, T. and Borbély, A.: The effect of dislocation contrast on x-ray line broadening: A new approach to line profile analysis. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3173 (1996). (doi: 10.1063/1.117951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, S.L., Park, J-S., Miller, M.P., and Dawson, P.R.: A framework for generating synthetic diffraction images from deforming polycrystals using crystal-based finite element formulations. Comput. Mater. Sci. 77, 456–466 (2013), ISSN 0927-0256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.03.019.Google Scholar
Obstalecki, M., Wong, S.L., Dawson, P.R., and Miller, M.P.: Quantitative analysis of crystal scale deformation heterogeneity during cyclic plasticity using high-energy X-ray diffraction and finite-element simulation. Acta Mater. 75, 259–272 (2014), ISSN 1359-6454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.04.059.Google Scholar
Barton, N.R., Arsenlis, A., and Marian, J.: A polycrystal plasticity model of strain localization in irradiated iron. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 61(2), 341–351 (2013), ISSN 0022-5096, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2012.10.009.Google Scholar
Lebensohn, R.A. and Tomé, C.N.: A self-consistent anisotropic approach for the simulation of plastic deformation and texture development of polycrystals: Application to zirconium alloys. Acta Metall. Mater. 41(9), 2611–2624 (1993), ISSN 0956-7151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(93http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(93)90130-K.Google Scholar
Dawson, P., Miller, M., Han, T-S., and Bernier, J.: An accelerated methodology for the evaluation of critical properties in polyphase alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36(7), 1627–1641 (2005).Google Scholar
Efstathiou, C., Boyce, D.E., Park, J-S., Lienert, U., Dawson, P.R., and Miller, M.P.: A method for measuring single-crystal elastic moduli using high-energy X-ray diffraction and a crystal-based finite element model. Acta Mater. 58(17), 5806–5819 (2010), ISSN 1359-6454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.056.Google Scholar