Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-27gpq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T16:04:50.843Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Proficiency modulates early orthographic and phonological processing in L2 spoken word recognition*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2012

OUTI VEIVO*
Affiliation:
Department of French, School of Languages and Translation Studies, University of Turku, Finland
JUHANI JÄRVIKIVI
Affiliation:
Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Modern Languages, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
*
Address for correspondence: Outi Veivo, French Translation Studies, Koskenniemenkatu 4, 20014 University of Turku, Finlandouti.veivo@utu.fi

Abstract

The present study investigated orthographic and phonological processing in L2 French spoken word recognition by Finnish learners of French, using the masked cross-modal priming paradigm. Experiment 1 showed a repetition effect in L2 within-language priming that was most pronounced for high proficiency learners and a significant effect for French pseudohomophones. In the between-language Experiment 2, high proficiency learners showed significant facilitation from L1 Finnish to L2 French shared orthography in the absence of phonological and semantic overlap. This effect was not observed in the lower intermediate group, which showed a significant benefit of L1 pseudohomophones instead. The orthographic effect in the high proficiency group was modulated by subjective familiarity showing facilitation for less familiar but not for highly familiar words. The results suggest that with L2 learners, the extent to which orthographic information affects L2 spoken word recognition depends on their L2 proficiency.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

We thank the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and Kevin Diependaele for sharing the materials used in Experiment 1.

References

Baayen, R. H. (2008). Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics using R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Balota, D., Pilotti, M., & Cortese, M. J. (2001). Subjective frequency estimates for 2,938 monosyllabic words. Memory & Cognition, 29, 639647.Google Scholar
Bassetti, B. (2006). Orthographic input and phonological representations in learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language. Written Language and Literacy, 9, 95114.Google Scholar
Bijeljac-Babic, R., Biardeau, A., & Grainger, J. (1997). Masked orthographic priming in bilingual word recognition. Memory and Cognition, 25, 447457.Google Scholar
Bodner, G. E., & Masson, M. E. J. (1997). Masked repetition priming of words and nonwords: Evidence for a nonlexical basis for priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 268293.Google Scholar
Chéreau, C., Gaskell, M. G., & Dumay, N. (2007). Reading spoken words: Orthographic effects in auditory priming. Cognition, 102, 341360.Google Scholar
Connine, C. M., Mullennix, J., Shernoff, E., & Yelen, J. (1990). Word familiarity and frequency in visual and auditory word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 10841096.Google Scholar
Council of Europe (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cutler, A., Treiman, R., & Van Ooijen, B. (2010). Strategic deployment of orthographic knowledge in phoneme detection. Language and Speech, 53, 307320.Google Scholar
Damian, M., & Bowers, J. (2009). Orthographic effects in rhyme monitoring: Are they automatic? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 22, 111.Google Scholar
De Bot, K., & Lowie, W. (2010). On the stability of representations in the multilingual lexicon. In Pütz, M. & Sicola, L. (eds.), Cognitive processing in second language acquisition, pp. 117134. Amsterdam & Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
De Groot, A., Borgwaldt, S., Bos, M., & Van den Eijnden, E. (2002). Lexical decision and word naming in bilinguals: Language effects and task effects. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 91124.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, T., & van Heuven, W. J. B. (2002). The architecture of the bilingual word recogntion system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5, 175197.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, T., Hilberink-Schulpen, B., & van Heuven, W. J. B. (2010). Repetition and masked form priming within and between languages using word and nonword neighbours. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 341357.Google Scholar
Duyck, W., Vanderelst, D., Desmet, T., & Hartsuiker, R. (2008). The frequency effect in second-language visual word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 850855.Google Scholar
Escudero, P., Hayes-Harb, R., & Mitterer, H. (2008). Novel second-language words and asymmetric lexical access. Journal of Phonetics, 36, 345360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., & Wanrooij, K. (2010). The effect of L1 orthography on non-native vowel perception. Language and Speech, 53, 343365.Google Scholar
Forster, K. I. (1998). The pros and cons of masked priming. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 27, 203233.Google Scholar
Forster, K. I., & Davis, C. (1984). Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 680698.Google Scholar
Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003). DMDX: A windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 116124.Google Scholar
Frost, R. (1998). Toward a strong phonological theory of visual word recognition: True issues and false trails. Psychological Bulletin, 123, 7199.Google Scholar
Gernsbacher, M. A. (1984). Resolving 20 years of inconsistent interactions between lexical familiarity and orthography, concreteness and polysemy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 256281.Google Scholar
Grainger, J., Diependaele, K., Spinelli, E., Ferrand, L., & Farioli, F. (2003). Masked repetition and phonological priming within and across modalities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 12561269.Google Scholar
Grainger, J., & Ferrand, L. (1994). Phonology and orthography in visual word recognition: Effects of masked homophone primes. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 218233.Google Scholar
Grainger, J., & Ferrand, L. (1996). Masked orthographic and phonological priming in visual word recognition and naming: cross-task comparisons. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 623647.Google Scholar
Grainger, J., & Ziegler, J. C. (2011). A dual-route approach to orthographic processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 2. www.frontiersin.org (retrieved June 07, 2011).Google Scholar
Hallé, P., Chéreau, C., & Segui, J. (2000). Where is the /b/ in “absurde” [apsyrd]? It is in French listeners’ minds. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 618639.Google Scholar
Hanulikova, A., & Weber, A. (2012). Sink positive: Linguistic experience with th substitutions influences nonnative word recognition. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74, 613629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes-Harb, R., Nicol, J., & Barker, J. (2010). Learning the phonological forms of new words: Effects of orthographic and auditory input. Language and Speech, 53, 367381.Google Scholar
Huhta, A., Luoma, S., Oscarson, M., Sajavaara, K., Takala, S., & Teasdale, A. (2002). DIALANG: A diagnostic language assessment system for learners. In Alderson, J. C. (ed.), Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Case studies, pp. 130145. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Indefrey, P. (2006). A meta-analysis of hemodynamic studies on first and second language processing: Which suggested differences can we trust and what do they mean? Language Learning, 56, 279304.Google Scholar
Jiang, N. (2000). Lexical representation and development in a second language. Applied Linguistics, 21, 4777.Google Scholar
Katz, L., & Feldman, L. B. (1983). Relation between pronunciation and recognition of printed words in deep and shallow orthographies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 157166.Google Scholar
Katz, L., & Frost, R. (1992). Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning: An overview. In Frost, R. & Katz, L. (eds.). Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning, pp. 18. Amsterdam: Elsevier North Holland Press.Google Scholar
Kinoshita, S., & Lupker, S. J. (eds.) (2003). Masked priming: The state of the art. London: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Lemhöfer, K., Dijkstra, T., Schriefers, H., Baayen, R. H., Grainger, J., & Zwitserlood, P. (2008). Native language influences on word recognition in a second language: A mega-study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 1231.Google Scholar
Luo, C., Johnson, R., & Gallo, D. (1998). Automatic activation of phonological information in reading: Evidence from the semantic relatedness decision task. Memory & Cognition, 26, 833843.Google Scholar
Masson, M. E. J., & Isaak, M. I. (1999). Masked priming of words and nonwords in a naming task: Further evidence for a nonlexical basis for priming. Memory & Cognition, 27, 399412.Google Scholar
Muneaux, M., & Ziegler, J. (2004). Locus of orthographic effects in spoken word recognition: Novel insights from the neighbor generation task. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 641660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New, B., Pallier, C., Ferrand, L., & Matos, R. (2001). Une base de données lexicales du français contemporain sur internet: LEXIQUE, L'Année Psychologique, 101, 447462. http://www.lexique.org (retrieved August 5, 2010).Google Scholar
Pattamadilok, C., Knierim, I., Kawabata Duncan, K. J., & Devlin, J. T. (2010). How does learning to read affect speech perception? The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 84358444.Google Scholar
Pattamadilok, C., Kolinsky, R., Ventura, P., Radeau, M., & Morais, J. (2007). Orthographic representations in spoken word priming: No early automatic activation. Language and Speech, 50, 505531.Google Scholar
Pattamadilok, C., Morais, J., Ventura, P., & Kolinsky, R. (2007). The locus of the orthographic consistency effect in auditory word recognition: Further evidence from French. Language and Cognitive Processes, 22, 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pattamadilok, C., Perre, L., & Ziegler, J. C. (2011). Beyond rhyme or reason: ERPs reveal task-specific activation of orthography on spoken language. Brain & Language, 116, 116124.Google Scholar
Perre, L., Pattamadilok, C., Montant, M., & Ziegler, J. C. (2009). Orthographic effects in spoken language: on-line activation or phonological restructuring? Brain Research, 1275, 7380.Google Scholar
Peereman, R., Dufour, S., & Burt, J. S. (2009). Orthographic influences in spoken word recognition: The consistency effect in semantic and gender categorization tasks. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16, 363368.Google Scholar
Rastle, K., & Brysbaert, M. (2006). Masked phonological priming effects in English: Are they real? Do they matter? Cognitive Psychology, 53, 14.Google Scholar
Reinisch, E., Weber, A., & Mitterer, H. (in press). Listeners retune phoneme categories across languages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.Google Scholar
Seidenberg, M. (1995). Visual word recognition: An overview. In Miller, J. L. & Eimas, P. D. (eds.), Speech, language, and communication: Handbook of perception and cognition (vol. 11), pp. 137179. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Seidenberg, M., & Tanenhaus, M. (1979). Orthographic effects in rhyme monitoring. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 546554.Google Scholar
Taft, M. (2006). Orthographically influenced abstract phonological representation: Evidence from non-rhotic speakers. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 35, 6778.Google Scholar
Taft, M. (2011). Orthography in spoken pseudoword processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 2. www.frontiersin.org (retrieved October 5, 2011).Google Scholar
Taft, M., Castles, A., Davis, C., Lazendic, G., & Nguyen-Hoan, M. (2008). Automatic activation of orthography in spoken word recognition: Pseudohomograph priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 58, 366379.Google Scholar
Taft, M., & Hambly, G. (1985). The influence of orthography on phonological representations in the lexicon. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 320335.Google Scholar
Taft, M., & Hambly, G. (1986). Exploring the cohort model of spoken word recognition. Cognition, 22, 259282.Google Scholar
Tukey, J. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
van Heuven, W. J. B., & Dijkstra, T. (2010). Language comprehension in the bilingual brain: fMRI and ERP support for psycholinguistic models. Brain Research Reviews, 64, 104122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Heuven, W. J. B., Dijkstra, T., & Grainger, J. (1998). Orthographic neighborhood effects in bilingual word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 458483.Google Scholar
Ventura, P., Morais, J., Pattamadilok, C., & Kolinsky, R. (2004). The locus of the orthographic consistency effect in auditory word recognition, Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 5795.Google Scholar
Wang, M., Koda, K., & Perfetti, C. A. (2003). Alphabetic and nonalphabetic L1 effects in English word identification: A comparison of Korean and Chinese English L2 learners. Cognition, 87, 129149.Google Scholar
Weber, A., & Cutler, A. (2004). Lexical competition in non-native spoken-word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 125.Google Scholar
Ziegler, J. C., & Ferrand, L. (1998). Orthography shapes the perception of speech: The consistency effect in auditory word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, 683689.Google Scholar
Ziegler, J. C., & Goswami, U. (2005). Reading acquisition, developmental dyslexia and skilled reading across languages: A psycholinguistic grain size theory. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 329.Google Scholar
Ziegler, J. C., Muneaux, M., & Grainger, J. (2003). Neighborhood effects in auditory word recognition: Phonological competition and orthographic facilitation. Journal of Memory and Language, 48, 779793.Google Scholar