Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T05:22:36.925Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The social aetiology of essentialist beliefs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2014

Cliodhna O'Connor
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom. oconnor.c@ucl.ac.ukh.joffe@ucl.ac.ukhttps://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=COCON80http://www.ucl.ac.uk/psychlangsci/research/CPB/people/cpb-staff/h_joffe
Helene Joffe
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom. oconnor.c@ucl.ac.ukh.joffe@ucl.ac.ukhttps://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=COCON80http://www.ucl.ac.uk/psychlangsci/research/CPB/people/cpb-staff/h_joffe

Abstract

This commentary highlights the importance of attending to the sociocultural contexts that foster essentialist ideas. It contends that Cimpian & Salomon's (C&S's) model undervalues the extent to which the development of essentialist beliefs is contingent on social experience. The result is a restriction of the model's applicability to real-world instances of essentialism-fuelled prejudice and discrimination.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Birnbaum, D., Deeb, I., Segall, G., Ben-Eliyahu, A. & Diesendruck, G. (2010) The development of social essentialism: The case of Israeli children's inferences about Jews and Arabs. Child Development 81:757–77.Google Scholar
Brescoll, V. & LaFrance, M. (2004) The correlates and consequences of newspaper reports of research on sex differences. Psychological Science 15:515–20.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. & Hong, Y. (2008) Beyond nature and nurture: The influence of lay gender theories on self-stereotyping. Self and Identity 7:3453.Google Scholar
Dar-Nimrod, I. & Heine, S. J. (2011) Genetic essentialism: On the deceptive determinism of DNA. Psychological Bulletin 137:800–18.Google Scholar
Diesendruck, G. & Haber, L. (2009) God's categories: The effect of religiosity on children's teleological and essentialist beliefs about categories. Cognition 110:100–14. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.11.001.Google Scholar
Fiske, A. P., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R. & Nisbett, R. E. (1998) The cultural matrix of social psychology. In: The handbook of social psychology, vol. 2, 4th edition, ed. Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T. & Lindzey, G., pp. 915–81. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Haslam, N., Rothschild, L. & Ernst, D. (2000) Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology 39:113–27. doi:10.1348/014466600164363.Google Scholar
Jayaratne, T. E., Gelman, S., Feldbaum, M., Sheldon, J., Petty, E. & Kardia, S. (2009) The perennial debate: Nature, nurture, or choice? Black and White Americans' explanations for individual differences. Review of General Psychology 13:2433.Google Scholar
Joffe, H. & Staerklé, C. (2007) The centrality of the self-control ethos in Western aspersions regarding outgroups: A social representational approach to stereotype content. Culture and Psychology 13:395418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, J. (2005) In genes we trust: The biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88:686702. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.686.Google Scholar
Mahalingam, R. (2007) Essentialism, power, and the representation of social categories: A folk sociology perspective. Human Development 50:300–19.Google Scholar
Mahalingam, R. & Rodriguez, J. (2003) Essentialism, power and cultural psychology of gender. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:157–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahalingam, R. & Rodriguez, J. (2006) Culture, brain transplants and implicit theories of identity. Journal of Cognition and Culture 6:453–62.Google Scholar
No, S., Hong, Y., Liao, H., Lee, K., Wood, D. & Chao, M. (2008) Lay theory of race affects and moderates Asian Americans' responses toward American culture. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95:9911004.Google Scholar
O'Connor, C., Rees, G. & Joffe, H. (2012) Neuroscience in the public sphere. Neuron 74:220–26.Google Scholar
Rhodes, M. & Gelman, S. A. (2009) A developmental examination of the conceptual structure of animal, artifact, and human social categories across two cultural contexts. Cognitive Psychology 59:244–74.Google Scholar
Williams, M. J. & Eberhardt, J. L. (2008) Biological conceptions of race and the motivation to cross racial boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84:1033–47. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.1033.Google Scholar