The biennial Papaver L. sect. Meconidium Spach (Papaveraceae) is considered to contain four species: P. libanoticum Boiss. with subspp libanoticum and polychaetum (Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov., P. armeniacum (L.)DC. with subspp armeniacum, microstigmum (Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov. and pilgerianum (Fedde) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov., P. curviscapum Nab., and P. persicum Lindl. with subspp persicum, tauricolum (Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov. and microcarpum (Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov. A key to species and subspecies is given, capsules and leaves of all taxa are illustrated, and distribution maps are provided.

An artificial group of twelve brome-grasses with small-spikelets is reviewed. Descriptions, comments on their distinctive features, keys, diagnosis, citations and illustrations are provided. Form/function and evolutionary relationships are discussed and four affinity groups are recognized. The possible origin of B. lepidus and B. brachystachys is discussed.

Infrageneric classification of the genus Potentilla L. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Pakistan and Kashmir is presented. Nine subgenera and 15 sections are recognized within the genus. The two genera Sibbaidiopsis Rydb. and Duchesnea J. E. Smith have been reduced to subgenera, while subgenus Potentilla Syme and subgenus Hypargyrium (Fourr.) Juz. have been combined under subgenus Potentilla Syme.

Two species, Petalacte vlokii (Compositae) from the southern Cape fold mountains, and Struthiola anomala (Thymelaeaceae) from southernmost Natal, are newly described.

The following new species and subspecies are described: Carex burttii Noltie, C. griersonii Noltie, C. nigra (L.) Reich, subsp. drukyulensis Noltie, C. schlagintweitiana Boeck. subsp. deformis Noltie, C. speciosa Kunth subsp. dilatata Noltie, C. speciosa subsp. pinetorum Noltie, C. laeta Boott subsp. gelongii Noltie. The new combination C. fusiformis Nees subsp. finitima (Boott) Noltie is made. C. sikkimensis C.B. Clarke is reduced to the synonymy of C. fucata Boott ex C.B. Clarke, and C. praelonga C.B. Clarke to that of C. teres Boott. Notes are provided on C. notha Kunth, C. inclinis C.B. Clarke, C. inanis C.B. Clarke and C. alopecuroides D. Don ex Tillooh & Taylor. C. fastigiata Franch. and C. radicatis Boott are reported new to Bhutan and C. montis-everestii Kük. new to Sikkim. Lectotypes are designated for C. fucata, C. sikkimensis, C. teres, C. praelonga, C. setigera γ humilis, C. inanis. C. fusiformis, C. finitima, C. alopecuroides, C. chlorostachys D. Don ex Tilloch & Taylor and C. alopecuroides var. chlorostachya C.B. Clarke. A phytogeographical checklist is provided for species occurring in the Flora of Bhutan area.

The variability of Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don in the Sino-Hiamalayan region is discussed; the typical variety of this species has been generally misinterpreted. Three varieties are here treated and lectotypified: var. filicinus, var. giraldii C.H. Wright and var. lycopodineus Baker. The new combination Maianthemum oleraceum (Baker) Hook. f. & Thoms, ex Hook. f. var. acuminatum (Wang & Tang) Noltie is made.

The new species Torenia burttiana R. R. Mill (Scrophulariaceae) is described and illustrated, and its affinities discussed. It is presently known only from the type collection, from Bhutan (Deothang district).

A transect of coastal vegetation was surveyed forits plant communities in the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Two main plant formations are found in this region. The ‘restinga’ is the coastal sand dune vegetation and the ‘tabuleiro’ is the adjacent savanna-like formation. The ordination of sample units and species of the transect showed that these plant formations cannot be considered as discrete communities but they are actually a vegetational continuum made up of species adapted to sandy soils but with varying distributional patterns according to the exposure to maritime influences.

Boletus peltatus Comer is validated, based on two recent records from lowland dipterocarp forests near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.