Study of the small-scale structures of South-Eastern Cowal provides information about the movement history in an assemblage of grits and slates wherein the original sedimentary structures and textures are discernible. A sequence of folds of both Caledonoid (NE–SW) and cross-fold (NW–SE) axial directions can be recognized, with corresponding successive cleavages or schistosities. In the rocks of higher metamqrphic grade towards the axial region of the Cowal anticline the earlier structures are largely obscured by recrystallization.

Consideration of the field occurrence of certain post-Palaeozoic brachioppds, and of published experimental work on the transport of brachiopod shells by water, leads to the conclusion that these fossils are often deceptive as evidence of former conditions at the places where they now occur fossil, due to shell-transport by marine currents after death.

General considerations relating to the use of analyses for determining depth-volatile relations in coalfields are discussed. New evidence from New Zealand is presented and British evidence reviewed. A maximum rate of downward decrease of volatiles is inferred at 23 per cent volatiles, and a depth-volatile band from 42 to 5 per cent volatiles is presented. British coalfield sequences fit the band, rendering unnecessary the complex geological explanations for differing rates of downward decrease of volatiles given by previous authors. Tectonic pressure is rejected in favour of depth of burial as a cause of rank differences.

A preliminary account of the geological results of an expedition to the volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro is given. The structure and succession at each of the main eruptive centres is described. The probable ages of volcanicity are discussed.

Heliolites caespitosa Salter (1873) is shown to be identical with Heliolites parvistella Roemer (1861) var. intricate Lindström (1899). The varietal name must, therefore, become caespitosa. Evidence is brought forward to suggest that the two varieties of this coral are the results of differing environments.

The major septa of clisiophyllid corals originate deep down in the calyx and grow upwards, fanning out towards both the axis and the periphery of the coral. The minor septa originate high up near the rim of the calyx and appear in pairs one septum being inserted on either side of each new major septum. The insertion of minor septa on both sides of a new major septum complicates the development of the subsequent major septum at the fossula.

A large number of Devonian and Carboniferous limestones from the West and South-West of England have been sampled for conodont faunas. Only 15 yielded conodonts, but the faunas show striking similarities to those of America and Germany. The presence of “Ordovician” forms in these assemblages is noted and an explanation offered.

The rocks are coarse-grained deposits of Cementstone and Fell Sandstone age. The succession in the Rerrick outlier consists of the Wall Hill sandstones (900 ft.) unconformable on Silurian, followed by the Orroland Limestone Beds (80ft. +) yielding fossils indicative of Cambeck age. The succeeding coarse red Barlocco conglomerate (210 ft. +) is capped by the Rascarrel beds, some 1,200 ft. of felspathic sandstones and arkoses, with coarse conglomerates. The rocks of the three outliers to the east are of Barlocco-Rascarrel facies. All four outliers are downfaulted against Silurian and have a regional dip to the south-east.

A study of Devonian faunas from North Cornwall shows that a considerable area of beds hitherto regarded as Upper Devonian are of Middle Devonian age. Goniatite localities at Trevone Bay and Portquin correlate with the Upper Maenioceras Stufe of Germany: other localities within the area mapped as Grey Slate by the Survey are also Middle Devonian. Only the area marked as Purple and Green Slate by the Survey has yielded Upper Devonian goniatites.