Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T22:25:36.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early Bronze Age Colonists in Iberia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Beatrice Blance
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The object of this paper is to show that certain Early Bronze Age sites in the Iberian Peninsula are actually colonies established by people coming from the Eastern Mediterranean.

The term ‘colony’ is used here in contrast to the term ‘culture’. It is selected because, besides being the term used by Siret, who believed that Los Millares was a Phoenician colony, and the Leisners (Factorei), it is the term which best describes these sites. The following account will demonstrate that they were solitary, heavily-defended settlements situated in a culturally foreign environment. Their best parallels are to be found in the East Mediterranean area, where, from very early times politically independent city states which owed their existence to either a rich hinterland or to trade and commerce, are known. These sites in the Peninsula may, in fact, be regarded as primitive examples of the types of colonies established later by the Phoenicians and the Greeks.

Type
Research Article
Information
Antiquity , Volume 35 , Issue 139 , September 1961 , pp. 192 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1961

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albuquerque Castro, L. De, Viega Ferreira, O. Da, and Viana, A. (1957). ‘Acerca dos monumentos dolmenicos da Bacia do Vouga’, XXIII Cong. Luso-Espanhol, Coimbra 1956 (Pub. Coimbra, 1957).Google Scholar
Arik, Remzi Oguz (1937). ‘Alacay Hüyük Halriyati’, Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlarindan, V. ser. No. 1 (Ankara, 1937).Google Scholar
Blance, B. M. (1957). ‘Sobre o Uso de Torroes ... do 3° milleno a.c.’, Revista de Guimarães, LXVII (Guimarães, 1957).Google Scholar
Blance, B. M. (1960). The Origin and Development of the Early Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula, Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Edinburgh in May 1960. It will be published as volume II of the series Studien zu den Anfängen der Metallurgie, published by the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz.Google Scholar
Blegen, et al., (Blegen, C, Caskey, I., Rawson, M., and Sperling, J.) (1950). Troy, Vol. 1 (Cincinnati, 1950).Google Scholar
Brea, L. Bernabo (1957). Sicily before the Greeks (London, 1957).Google Scholar
Brea, L. Bernabo (1959). ‘Greater than Troy, and Older’, Illus. London News, No. 6254, 234, 622 (London, 18 April, 1959).Google Scholar
Brea, L. Bernabo, and Cavalier, M. (1956). ‘Civiltà Preistoriche delle Isole Eolie e del Territorio di Milazzo’, Bulletino di Paletnologia Italiana, N.S., X, 650, fase. 1, 7–100 (Rome, 195).Google Scholar
Cuadrado, E. (1946). ‘Almizaraque’, Cronica del II Congreso sud-este Español (Albacete), 4–7, 168–185 (Albacete, 1946).Google Scholar
Daux, G. (1959). ‘Chronique des Fouilles et Découvertes Archéologiques en Grèce en 1958’, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 83, 587–589.Google Scholar
Dürpfeld, W. (1927). Alt-Ithaka (Munich, 1927).Google Scholar
Esteve Guerrero, M. (1945). ‘Excavaciones de Asta Regia’, Acta Arqueológica Hispanica, in (Madrid, 1950).Google Scholar
Esteve Guerrero, M. (1950). ‘Excavaciones de Asta Regia’, Informes y Memorias, XXII (Madrid, 1950).Google Scholar
Frodin, O., and Persson, A. (1938). Asine 1922–30 (Stockholm, 1938).Google Scholar
Furness, A. (1956). ‘Some Early Pottery of Samos, Kalimos, and Chios’, P.P.S., XXII, 173–212 (Cambridge, 1956).Google Scholar
Goldman, H. (1931). Excavations at Eutresis in Boetia (Harvard University, 1931).Google Scholar
Goldman, H. (1956). Excavations at Gozlu Kule, Tarsus, vol. II; Neolithic through the Bronze Age (Princeton, 1956).Google Scholar
Jalhay, E., and Paço, A. Do (1945). ‘El Castro de Vila Nova de S. Pedro, Actas y Memorias of Sociedad Español de Arqueologia, Etnografia y Prehistoria, XX (Madrid, 1945).Google Scholar
Kosay, H. (1944). ‘Ausgrabungen von Alaca Hüyük’, Ver der Türk. Gesh.-Komm., V. ser. 2a (Ankara, 1944).Google Scholar
Kosay, H. and Akok, M. (1948). ‘Hüyük Güllücek Arastilmalar Uzerine ilk Rapor’, Belleten, XII, 471 (Ankara, 1948).Google Scholar
Künze, F. (1931). Orchomenos, 11, Die Neolithische Keramik (Munich, 1931).Google Scholar
Lamb, W. (1936). Excavations at Thermi in Lesbos (Cambridge, 1936).Google Scholar
Lamb, W. (1937). ‘Excavations at Kusura’, Archaeologia, LXXVI, 1–64 (1937).Google Scholar
Leisner, G. and V. (1943). ‘Die Megalithgräber der Iberischen Halbinsel; der Suden’, Römisch-Germanische Forschungen, XVII (Berlin, 1943).Google Scholar
Leisner, G. and V. (1959). ‘Die Megalithgräber der Iberischen Halbinsel; der Westen’, Madrider Forschung, 1, 2 (Berlin, 1959).Google Scholar
Marinatos, S. (1929). Arch. Deltion, XII, 102–141 (Athens, 1932).Google Scholar
Matz, F. (1950). ‘Agias’, Handbuch der Archãologie, vol. VI, 2 (Munich, 1950).Google Scholar
Mellaart, J. (1954). ‘Preliminary Report on a Survey of Pre-Classical Remains in Southern Turkey’, Anatolian Studies, IV, 175–240 (London, 1958).Google Scholar
Mylonas, G. (1929). The Excavations at Olynthus—the Neolithic Settlement (Baltimore, London, Oxford, 1929).Google Scholar
Mylonas, G. (1934). ‘Excavations at Haghios Kosmas’, A.J.A., 38, no. 1, 258–279 (Concord, 1934).Google Scholar
Paço, A. DO, and Sangmeister, E. (1956). ‘Vila Nova de S. Pedro : eine befestigte Siedlung der Kupferzeit in Portugal’, Germania, XXXIV, hft. 3–4, 211–230 (Frankfurt, 1956).Google Scholar
Sangmeister, E. (1956). See Paço, A. Do, and Sangmeister, E. (1956).Google Scholar
Schachermeyr, F. (1955). Die älesten Kulturen Griechenlands (Stuttgart, 1955).Google Scholar
Schwabedissen, H., and Otto, K. (1958). ‘Zur Anwendung der C.14 Datierung und anderer naturwissenschaftlicher Hilfsmittel in der Ur-und Frühgeschichts-forschung’, Germania, 36, 133–149 (Berlin, 1958).Google Scholar
Siret, H. and L. (1887). Les Ages Préhistoriques en Espagne (Brussels, 1887).Google Scholar
Sjövall, H. (1925). ‘Zur Bedeutung der altkretischen Horns of Consecration, Archiv für Religionswissenschaft, XXIII, 185–192 (Leipzig and Berlin, 1925).Google Scholar
Somers, Clarke (1916). ‘Ancient Egyptian Frontier Fortresses’, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. III, 155–179.Google Scholar
Tsountas, X. (1898 and 1899). ‘Cyclades’, Ephemeris Archaiologike, 138–211 and 74–134 (Athens, 1898 and 1899).Google Scholar
Von Der Osten, H. H. (1937). The Alishar Hüyük, seasons 1930–32, Chicago University, Orient Inst., 28 (Chicago, 1937).Google Scholar
Wace, A. J. B., and Thompson, M. S. (1912). Prehistoric Thessaly (London, 1912).Google Scholar
Welter, G. (1938). Aigina (Berlin, 1938).Google Scholar
Xanthoudides, S. (1924). The Vaulted Tombs of the Mesará (Liverpool and London, 1924).Google Scholar
Zervos, C. (1956). L’Art de la Crète (Paris, 1956).Google Scholar
Zervos, C. (1957). L’Art des Cyclades (Paris, 1957).Google Scholar