Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T07:30:58.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Influence of dietary retrograded starch on the metabolism of neutral steroids and bile acids in rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Miriam J. F. Verbeek
Affiliation:
Unilever Research Laboratorium, PO Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
Emile A. M. De Deckere
Affiliation:
Unilever Research Laboratorium, PO Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
Lilian B. M. Tijburg
Affiliation:
Unilever Research Laboratorium, PO Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
Johan M. M. Van Amelsvoort
Affiliation:
Unilever Research Laboratorium, PO Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
Anton C. Beynen
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands Depatment of Laboratory Animal Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.166, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Diets enriched in retrograded amylose (RS3) have been shown to lower serum cholesterol concentrations in rats. The possibility was tested that this hypocholesterolaemic effect of RS3 is caused by an increase in excretion of neutral steroids and/or bile acids. Six groups of ten rats were fed on purified diets containing either 12 or 140 g RS3/kg solid ingredients with and without added cholesterol (5 g/kg). Low-RS3 diets, with and without added cholesterol, to which the bile-acid-binding resin cholestvramine (20 g/kg) was added, were used as reference. The high-RS3 diets v. the low-RS3 diets tended to reduce the increase in the total serum cholesterol concentration during the course of the experiment (P = 0 067), decreased serum triacylglycerol concentrations, raised total neutral steroids and total bile acids in caecal contents and faecal excretion of total bile acids, but lowered faecal excretion of neutral steroids. In addition, the serum concentration of total 3α-bile acids was markedly raised by the high-RS3 diets. The high-RS3 diets raised the faecal excretion of lithocholic and muricholic acids, but lowered that of hyodeoxycholic acid, and increased the caecal amounts of lithocholic, ursodeoxycholic, β-muricholic and ω-muricholic acids. Apart from the stimulation of faecal bile acids excretion, the effects of cholestvramine on bile acid metabolism differed at various points from those of RS3. Cholesterol feeding had predictable effects on cholesterol metabolism and led to greater elevating effects of RS3 on the faecal and caecal amounts of muricholic acids. The results suggest that the serum-cholesterol-lowering effect of high-RS3 diets may be explained by an increased influx of neutral steroids and bile acids into the caecum, and increased faecal excretion of bile acids, and/or by an altered intestinal bile acid profile.

Type
Effect of carbohydrate intake on lipid metabolism
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1995

References

Abell, L. L., Levy, B. B., Brodie, B. B. & Kendall, F. E. (1952). A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 195, 357366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrieux, C, Gadelle, D., Leprince, C. & Sacquet, E. (1989). Effects of some poorly digestible carbohydrates on bile acid bacterial transformations in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 103119.Google Scholar
Behall, K. M., Scholfield, D. J., Yuhaniak, I. & Canary, J. (1989). Diets containing high amylose vs amylopectin starch: effects on metabolic variables in human subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 337344.Google Scholar
Berry, C. S. (1986). Resistant starch: formation and measurement of starch that survives exhaustive digestion with amylolytic enzymes during the determination of dietary fibre. Journal of Cereal Science 4, 301314.Google Scholar
Beynen, A. C, Boogaard, A., Van Laack, H. L. J. M. & Katan, M. B. (1984). Cholesterol metabolism in two strains of rats with high or low response of serum cholesterol to a cholesterol-rich diet. Journal of Nutrition 114, 16401651.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beynen, A. C, Lemmens, A. G., De Vries, H. & Van der Meer, R. (1988). Differential metabolic basis for the hypocholesterolemic effects of cholestyramine and pectin in rats. Atherosclerosis 73, 8788.Google Scholar
Beynen, A. C. & West, C. E. (1989). Mechanisms underlying nutritional effects on serum cholesterol concentration. In Coronaries and Cholesterol, pp. 89114 [Cliff, W. J., Schoefl, G. I., editors]. London: Chapman and Hall Medical.Google Scholar
Bianchini, F., Caderni, G., Dolara, P., Fantetti, L. & Kriebel, D. (1989). Effect of dietary fat, starch and cellulose on fecal bile acids in mice. Journal of Nutrition 119, 16171624.Google Scholar
De Deckere, E. A. M., Kloots, W. J. & Van Amelsvoort, J. M. M. (1992). Effects of a diet with resistant starch in the rat. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, Suppl. 2, S121S122.Google ScholarPubMed
De Deckere, E. A. M., Kloots, W. J. & Van Amelsvoort, J. M. M. (1993). Resistant starch decreases serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123, 21422151.Google ScholarPubMed
De Deckere, E. A. M., Kloots, W. J. & van Amelsvoort, J. M. M. (1995). Both raw and retrograded starch decrease the serum triacylglycerol concentration and fat accretion in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 287298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englyst, H. N., Kingman, S. M. & Cummings, J. H. (1992). Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, Suppl. 2, S33S50.Google ScholarPubMed
Grundy, S. M. (1986). Bile acid resins: mechanisms of action. In Pharmacological Control of Hypertipidaemia, pp. 319 [Fears, R., editor]. Barcelona: J. R. Prous Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Herman, S., Sediaoetama, A. D., Karyadi, D. & Beynen, A. C. (1991). Influence of background composition of the diet on the lipemic effect of fish oil vs. corn oil in rats. Journal of Nutrition 121, 622630.Google Scholar
Iwata, T., Ohya, K., Takehisa, F., Tsutsumi, K., Furukawa, Y. & Kimura, S. (1992). The effect of dietary safflower phospholipid on steroids in gastrointestinal tract of rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 38, 615622.Google Scholar
Lajvardi, A., Mazarin, G. I., Gillespie, M. B., Satchithanandam, S. & Calvert, R. J. (1993). Starches of various digestibilities modify intestinal function in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123, 20592066.Google ScholarPubMed
Lovati, M. R., West, C. E., Sirtori, C. R. & Beynen, A. C. (1990). Dietary animal proteins and cholesterol metabolism in rabbits. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 473485.Google Scholar
Molina, M. T., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Vazquez, C. M. & Bolufer, J. (1990). Caecal and colonic uptake of both linoleic acid and cholesterol in rats following intestinal resection. Lipids 25, 594597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacquet, E., Leprince, E. & Riottot, M. (1983). Effect of amylomaize starch on cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in germfree (axenic) and conventional (holoxenic) rats. Reproduction Nutrition Développement 23, 783792.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1987). SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers, version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Schulz, A. G. M., Van Amelsvoort, J. M. M. & Beynen, A. C. (1993). Dietary native resistant starch but not retrograded resistant starch raises magnesium and calcium absorption in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123, 17241731.Google Scholar
Spady, D. K., Turley, S. D. & Dietschy, J. M. (1985). Rates of low density lipoprotein uptake and cholesterol synthesis are regulated independently in the liver. Journal of Lipid Research 26, 465472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, X. & Beynen, A. C. (1993). Influence of dietary fish proteins on plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 69, 767777.Google Scholar