Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T16:23:46.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cosmogony and prophecy: Maya Era Day cosmology in the context of the 2012 prophecy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2011

Carl D. Callaway*
Affiliation:
Humanities & Social Sciences (Archaeology Program), La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Bundoora, Victoria 3552Australia email: ccallaway@students.latrobe.edu.au
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Maya 2012 prophecy foretells events that will occur at the close of the current Maya ‘era’ and at the end of the 13th BˈAKTUN period of the Maya calendar. This paper explores the mythic and astronomical events that occurred previously at the start of the Maya era in 3114 BC corresponding to the close of the first 13-BˈAKTUN period. These two 13-BˈAKTUN Period Endings, separated by a span of approximately 5125 years, are like two bookends on a single shelf that inextricably link ancient Maya conceptions of time, mythic history and prophecy. The following presentation will demonstrate how in this case, the past is very much prologue. Mythic events and godly actions recorded at the beginning of the era directly parallel those actions that will occur at the end of the era. In addition, new insights will be shared into how ancient Maya scribes linked Era Day events to temple dedications and architecture to reflect the sun's daily solar trek—a journey charted and revered by ancient peoples from all corners of the Americas.

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2011

References

Assman, J. 2006, Religion and Cultural Memory: Ten Studies (Cultural Memory in the Present), transl. Livingstone, R., Stanford University Press, Stanford CA.Google Scholar
Aveni, A. F. 1975, Possible astronomical orientations in ancient Mesoamerica. In Aveni, A. F. (ed.), Archaeoastronomy in Pre-Columbian America, University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 163190.Google Scholar
Aveni, A. F. 1980, Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico, University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Aveni, A. F. 2009, The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012, University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Barrera Vásquez, A. 1980, Diccionario Maya Cordemex, Ediciones Cordemex, México DF.Google Scholar
Boot, E. 2005a, Continuity and Change in Text and Image at Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico: a Study of the Inscriptions, Iconography, and Architecture at a Late Classic to Early Postclassic Maya Site, CNWS Publications, Leiden.Google Scholar
Boot, E. 2005b, Regional variation of the standard dedicatory formula on Classic Maya ceramics. In Boot, E. (compiler), Source Book for the Workshop on Classic Maya Ceramics at the 10th European Maya Conference, December 5–11, 2005, Leiden, The Netherlands, Wayeb & Leiden University, Leiden, pp. 610.Google Scholar
Bricker, V. R. 2002, The Maya uinal in the garden of Eden. Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 18 (1), 120.Google Scholar
Brotherston, G. 1992, The Book of the Fourth World: Reading Native Americans through their Literature, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Callaway, C. 2009, The birth of the number twenty in the Dresden Codex. In Le Fort, G., Gardiol, R., Matteo, S. & Helmke, C. (eds), The Maya and their Sacred Narratives: Text and Context in Maya Mythologies, Acta Mesoamericana, Vol. 20, Verlag Anton Saurwein, Markt Schwaben, pp. 7587.Google Scholar
Campillo, J. M. G. 2000, Estudio Introductorio del Léxico de las Inscripciones de Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, México, BAR International Series 831, Archaeopress, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chinchilla, M. O. 2006, The stars of the Palenque sarcophagus. Res: Anthropology & Aesthetics 49/50, 4058.Google Scholar
Coe, M. D. 1973, The Maya Scribe and his World, Grolier Club, New York.Google Scholar
Christenson, A. J. 2003, Popol Vuh: the Sacred Book of the Maya, O Books, New York.Google Scholar
Eberl, M. & Prager, C. 2005, B'olon Yokte' K'uh: Maya conceptions of war, conflict, and the underworld. In Eeckhout, P. & Le Fort, G. (eds), Wars and Conflicts in Prehispanic Mesoamerica and the Andes, BAR International Series, Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 2836.Google Scholar
Farris, N. 1987, Remembering the future, anticipating the past: history, time and cosmology among the Maya of Yucatan. Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, 566593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Förstemann, E. 1887, Die Maya-Handschrift der Koniglich-Sachsischen Bibliothek zu Dresden, Ascher, Dresden.Google Scholar
Freidel, D., Schele, L., & Parker, J. 1993, Maya Cosmos, Quill William Morrow, New York.Google Scholar
Grofe, M. J. 2007, The Serpent Series: Precession in the Maya Dresden Codex, Dissertation for the Department of Native American Studies, University of California at Davis.Google Scholar
Grofe, M. J. 2011, The Astronomical Associations of Uhuk Chapat Tz'ikin K'inich Ajaw: Archaeoastronomy using the Maya Hieroglyphic Database. Paper presented at the symposium “Research Utilizing the Maya Hieroglyphic Database” at the 76th Annual Society for American Archaeology Meeting in Sacramento, California, April 1, 2011.Google Scholar
Gronemeyer, S. & MacLeod, B. 2010, What Could Happen in 2012: a Re-Analysis of the 13th BAK'TUN Prophecy on Tortuguero Monument 6. WAYEB Note 34, http://www.wayeb.org/notes/wayeb_notes0034.pdf.Google Scholar
Grube, N., Lacadena, A., & Martin, S. 2003, Chichen Itza and Ek Balam: Terminal Classic inscriptions from Yucatan. In Notebook for the XXVIIth Maya Hieroglyphic Forum at Texas, March 2003, Part II, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, pp. 184.Google Scholar
Kerr, J. 2011, The Maya Vase Database, an Archive of Rollout Photographs, http://www.famsi.org/mayavase/.Google Scholar
Kingsborough, Lord (Edward King, Viscount Kingsborough), 1831–1848, Antiquities of Mexico (9 vols), Robert Havell and Colnaghi, London.Google Scholar
Knowlton, T. 2002, Diphrastic kennings in Mayan hieroglyphic literature. Mexicon 24 (1), 914.Google Scholar
Looper, M. G. 1995, The three stones of Maya creation mythology at Quiriguá. Mexicon 17 (2), 2430.Google Scholar
MacLeod, B. 1991, Maya Genesis: The First Steps. North Austin Hieroglyphic Hunches 5. Note distributed to epigraphers.Google Scholar
MacLeod, B. 2008, The 3–11 PIK Formula. Unpublished manuscript in possession of the author.Google Scholar
Malmström, V. H. 1973, Origin of the Mesoamerican 260 day calendar. Science 181, 939941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merrill, R. H. 1945, Maya sun calendar dictum disproved. American Antiquity 10, 307311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milbrath, S. 1999, Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars, University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Pharo, L. K. 2007, Rituals of Time: an Analysis of the Ritual Practice of Time of the Long Count Calendar, the 260-Day Calendar, the 365-Day Calendar and the 52-Year Calendar in Mesoamerica, PhD Thesis, Department of Culture and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Proskouriakoff, T., Pollock, H. E.D., Roys, R. L., & Ledyard Smith, A. 1962, The artifacts of Mayapan. In Mayapan Yucatan Mexico, CIW Publication 619, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, pp. 331333.Google Scholar
Riese, B. 1984, Hel hieroglyphs. In Justeson, J. S. & Campbell, L. (eds), Phoneticism in Mayan Hieroglyphic Writing, Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, Albany, pp. 263286.Google Scholar
Roys, R. L. 1967 [1933], The Book Of Chilam Balam Of Chumayel. Pp. 229, The Civilisation of the American Indian Series, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Ruppert, K. 1935, The Caracol of Chichen Itza, CIW Publication 454, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Schele, L. 1992, Workbook for the XVIth Maya Hieroglyphic Workshop At Texas, University of Texas at Austin, Austin.Google Scholar
Stuart, D. 1987, The Paintings of Tomb 12, Rio Azul. In Rio Azul Reports Number 3, Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio.Google Scholar
Stuart, D. 2003, On the paired variants of TZ'AK. Mesoweb, 1–5, www.mesoweb.com/stuart/notes/tzak.pdf. Reference checked 2/15/2007.Google Scholar
Stuart, D. 2005, The Inscriptions from Temple XIX at Palenque. A Commentary, The PreColumbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Stuart, D. 2009, A Sun God Image from Dos Pilas, Guatemala, decipherment.wordpress.com/2009/04/10/a-sun-god-image-from-dos-pilas-guatemala/, ref. checked 2/10/2011.Google Scholar
Stuart, D. & Houston, S. D. 1998, The fire enters his house: architecture and ritual in classic Maya texts. In Houston, S. D. (ed.), Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC, pp. 373422.Google Scholar
Taube, K. A. 1988, A prehispanic Maya katun wheel. Journal of Anthropological Research 44, 183203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tedlock, D. 1996, Popol Vuh. The Definitive Edition of the Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings, Simon & Schuster, New York.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. E. S. 1927, A Correlation of the Mayan and European Calendars, Anthropological Series, no. 17 (1), 1–22, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. E. S. 1935, Maya Chronology. The Correlation Question, CIW Publication 456, Contribution 14(3), 51–104, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. E. S. 1962, A Catalogue of Maya Hieroglyphs, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. E. S. 1970, Maya History and Religion, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. E. S. 1972, A Commentary on the Dresden Codex, a Maya Hieroglyphic Book, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Tozzer, A. M. 1941, Landa's Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán: a Translation, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. XVIII, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Voß, A. 2001, Los itzas en Chichén Itzá: los datos epigáficos. Los Investigadores de la Cultura Maya 9 (1), 152173.Google Scholar
Wald, R. F. 2007, The Verbal Complex in Classic-Period Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions: its Implications for Language Identification and Change, PhD Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin.Google Scholar
Zender, M. & Guenter, S. 2003, The names of the Lords of Xib'alb'a in the Maya hieroglyphic script. In Von Handffstenzel, R. & Tercero Vasconcelos, C. (eds), Eduard y Caecilie Seler: Sistematización de los Estudios Americanistas y sus Repercusiones, Universidad Nacional Autónomo de México, México D.F., pp. 101119.Google Scholar