Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T03:55:49.971Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Whales as an Economic Factor in Prehistoric Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Grahame Clark
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Archaeologists have long been aware that whales were extensively utilized by dwellers on the Atlantic sea-board of prehistoric Europe (1). The frequent discovery of cetacean bones in ancient middens and, in regions such as the extreme north of Scotland and the Orkneys, of implements and other objects fabricated from them prompts one to inquire into the source of the whales. Were some of them hunted, or did prehistoric man confine himself to stranded specimens? Again, it is interesting to speculate on the various ways in which whales, whether hunted or stranded, contributed to the economy of early man.

Type
Research Article
Information
Antiquity , Volume 21 , Issue 82 , June 1947 , pp. 84 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1947

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, J. Scotland in Pagan Times : The Iron Age. Edinburgh, 1883.Google Scholar
Annandale, N. The Faroes and Iceland. Oxford, 1905.Google Scholar
Bannatyne The Club . Excerpta e libris domicilii domini Jacobi Quinti regis Scotorum. MDXXV-MDXXXIII. Edinburgh, 1836.Google Scholar
Beveridge, E. North Uist: Its Archaeology and Topography. Edinburgh, 1911.Google Scholar
Beveridge, E. and Callander, J. G. ‘Excavation of an Earth-house at Foshigarry, and a Fort, Dun Thomaidh, in North Uist’. PSAS, LXV (1931), 299–357.Google Scholar
Boas, F. ‘Second Report on the Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay’. Bull Am. Mus Nat. Hist., XV (1907), 371–570.Google Scholar
Bosworth, Rev. J. A literal translation of King Alfred’s Anglo-Saxon version of the Compendious History of the World by Orosius. London, 1855.Google Scholar
Brinkmann, A. and Shetelig, H. Ruskenesset En stenålders jagtplass. Norske Oldfund, i Christianian., 1920.Google Scholar
Brögger, A. W. Vistefundet En. aeldre stenålders kjökkenmödding fra Jaederen. Stavanger, 1908.Google Scholar
Brögger, A. W. Kulturgeschichte des Norwegischen Altertums. Oslo, 1926.Google Scholar
Callander, J. G. (See Beveridge, E.).Google Scholar
Catalogue of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. New Edition Edinburgh., 1893.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G. Skara Brae, a Pictish Village in Orkney. London, 1931.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G. The Prehistory of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1935.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D. ‘Seal-hunting in the Stone Age of North-western Europe : A Study in Economic Prehistory’. Proc. Prehist. Soc., xii (1946), 12–48.Google Scholar
Curie, A. O., ‘Account of further excavation in 1932 of the prehistoric township of Jarlshof, Shetland’. PSAS, LXVII, 82–136.Google Scholar
Debes, J. Faeroœ et Faeroa reserata : That is a Description of the Islands and Inhabitants of Faene. (Transi.) London, 1676.Google Scholar
Degerböl, M. ‘Danmarks Pattedyr i Fortiden i sammenligning med recente Former’. Vidensk Medd. Nat. For, bd. 95, 357–641.Google Scholar
Copenhagen, 1933. Deinse van, A. B.. ‘Over de Vinvisschen in de Landen om de Noordzee gestrand tusschen de Jaren, 1306–1918’. Zool. Meded. Mus. Nat. Hist. Leiden., Deel IV, Afl. 1, 179–245.Google Scholar
Engelstad, E. S. Ostnorske Ristninger og Malinger av den Arktiske Gruppe. Oslo, 1934.Google Scholar
Eschricht, D. F. Untersuchungen iiber die nordischen Wallthiere. Leipzig, 1849.Google Scholar
Fischer, P. ‘Cétacés du Sud-Ouest de la France’. Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxxv (4th ser., v), pp. 5–219. 1881.Google Scholar
Giffen van, A. E.. ‘Die Fauna der Wurten’. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2e. ser. d. 13, 1914, 1–166. Leiden.Google Scholar
Gjessing, G. Arktiske Helleristninger i Nord-Norge. Oslo, 1932.Google Scholar
Gjessing, G. Nordenfjelske Ristninger og Malinger av den arktiske gruppe. Oslo, 1936.Google Scholar
Grettir the Strong, Saga of. Transi, from the Icelandic by Hight, G. A. Everyman Edition.Google Scholar
Grieve, S. The Great Auk, or Garefowl. London, 1885.Google Scholar
Harmer, Sir S.F. Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts from 1913 to 1926. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). London, 1927.Google Scholar
Henrici, P. ‘Benfynd från boplatsen vid Rörvik’. Göteborgs och Bohuslåns fornminnesförenings Tidskr., 1936, 82–91.Google Scholar
Hentschel, E. Naturgeschichte der nordatlantischen Wale und Robben. Handbuch der Seefischerei Nordeuropas, bd. III., hft. I. Stuttgart, 1937.Google Scholar
Japha, A. ‘Zusammenstellung der in der Ostsee bisher beobachteten Wale’. Schr. Phys-.ökonom Ges. Königsberg, XLIX Jhg. (1909), 119–189.Google Scholar
Joyce, P. W. A Social History of Ancient Ireland. London, 1903.Google Scholar
Keller, O. Die antike Tierwelt, 2 bd. Leipzig., 1909 and 1913.Google Scholar
Le Strange, H. Le Strange Records. London, 1916.Google Scholar
Martin, M. A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland. (Orig. publ., London, 1703). Stirling, 1934.Google Scholar
Mathiassen, T. Archaeology of the Central Eskimos, II. The Thule Culture and its position within the Eskimo Culture. Copenhagen, 1927.Google Scholar
Mathiassen, T. ‘Blubber lamps in the Ertebölle culture’? Acta Archaeologica, VI, 1935, 139–152.Google Scholar
Mathiassen, T., Degerböl, M. and Troels-Smith, J. Dyrholmen. En Stenålderboplads paa Djurs-land. Kgl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Ark.-Kunsthist. Skr., bd. I, nr. I. Copenhagen, 1942.Google Scholar
Miller, S. H. and Skertchly, S. B. J. The Fenland Past and Present. Wisbech, 1878.Google Scholar
Morris, D. B. ‘The Whale remains of the Carse of Stirling’. The Scottish Naturalist, 1924, 137–140 ; also, Stirling Nat. Hist, and Arch. Soc. Trans., 1923–4, 142–6.Google Scholar
Movius, H. J The Irish Stone Age. Cambridge, 1942.Google Scholar
Munro, R. ‘The Relation between Archaeology, Chronology and Land Oscillations in postglacial times’. Arch. J., LV (1898), 59–85.Google Scholar
Murdoch, J. Ethnological results of the Point Barrow Expedition, 1881–3. IXth Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, 1892.Google Scholar
Nihlén, J. Gotlands Stenåldersboplatser. Stockholm, 1927.Google Scholar
Nordmann, V. Menneskets Induandring til Norden. Dan. Geol. Unders. III R. Nr. 27. Copenhagen, 1936.Google Scholar
Norman, J. R. and Fraser, F. C. Giant Fishes, Whales and Dolphins. London, 1937.Google Scholar
Olaus, Magnus. Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus. Rome, 1555.Google Scholar
Peckham, W. D. The Chartulary of the High Church of Chichester. Lewes, 1946.Google Scholar
Péquart, M. and S.-J. Téviec. Station-nécropole mésolithique du Morbihan. Arch. Inst. Pal. Hum. Mem. 18. Paris, 1937.Google Scholar
Robertson, A. J. Anglo-Saxon Charters. Cambridge, 1939.Google Scholar
Ross, , Alan, S. C. The Terfinnas and Beormas of Ohthere. Leeds, 1940.Google Scholar
Schreiner, K. E., in Osebergfundet, bd. v, 301–4. Oslo, 1927.Google Scholar
Skertchly, S. B. J. The Geology of the Fenland. London, 1877.Google Scholar
Southwell, T. The Seals and Whales of the British Seas. London, 1881.Google Scholar
Turner, Sir W. ‘On some implements of Stag’s Horn associated with whales’ skeletons found in the Carse of Stirling’. Rep. of the 59th Meeting Brit. Assoc., 1889, 789–791.Google Scholar
Turner, Sir W. The Marine Mammals in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh. London, 1912.Google Scholar
Venner, T. Via recta ad vitam longam. London, 1650.Google Scholar
Winge, H. ‘Om jordfundne Pattedyr fra Danmark’. Vidensk. Medd. Nat. For., 1904, 193–304. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Winther, J. Lindo: en boplads fra Danmarks yngre Stenålder, vol. 2. Rudkjobing, 1928.Google Scholar