Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T16:28:38.779Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Elemental Compositions of Extrasolar Planetesimals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2014

M. Jura
M. Jura*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1562USA email: jura@astro.ucla.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Evidence is now compelling that most externally-polluted white dwarfs derive their heavy atoms by accretion from asteroids – the building blocks of rocky planets. Optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy of a small sample of suitable white dwarf stars shows that to zeroth order, the accreted extrasolar parent bodies compositionally resemble bulk Earth. (1) Extrasolar planetesimals are at least 85% by mass composed of O, Mg, Si and Fe. (2) Compared to the Sun, C is often deficient, usually by at least a factor of 10 and therefore comprises less than 1% of an extrasolar planetesimal's mass. At least to-date, C has never been found to be enhanced as would be expected if carbon-rich planetesimals have formed. (3) While there may be individual exceptions, considered as a whole, the population of extrasolar asteroids accreted onto a well-defined sample of local white dwarf stars is less than 1% water by mass.

Keywords

planetary systemswhite dwarfs
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 8 , Symposium S293: Formation, Detection, and Characterization of Extrasolar Habitable Planets , August 2012 , pp. 219 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2014 

References

Aannestad, P. A., Kenyon, S. J., Hammond, G. L., & Sion, E. M. 1993, AJ, 105, 1033Google Scholar
Alcock, C., Fristrom, C. C., & Siegelman, R. 1986, ApJ, 302, 462Google Scholar
Allegre, C., Manhes, G., & Lewin, E. 2001, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 184, 59Google Scholar
Barber, S., Patterson, A. J., Kilic, M., Leggett, S. K., Dufour, P., Bloom, J. S., & Starr, D. L. 2012, ApJ 760 article id. 26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becklin, E. E., Farihi, J., Jura, M., Song, I., Weinberger, A. J., & Zuckerman, B. 2005, ApJ, 632, L119Google Scholar
Bergeron, P., Wesenael, F., Dufour, P.et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, 28Google Scholar
Binzel, R. P., Hanner, M. S., & Steel, D. I. 2000, in Allen's Astrophysical Quantities, A. N. Cox, ed., 315Google Scholar
Bond, J. C., O'Brien, D. P., & Lauretta, D. S. 2010, ApJ, 715, 1050Google Scholar
Bonsor, A., Mustill, A. J., & Wyatt, M. C. 2011, MNRAS, 414, 930Google Scholar
Brinkworth, C., Gaensicke, B., Girven, J. M., Hoard, D. W., Marsh, T. R., Parsons, S. G., & Koester, D. 2012, ApJ, 750, 86Google Scholar
Debes, J. H. & Sigurdsson, S. 2002, ApJ, 572, 556Google Scholar
Debes, J. H., Walsh, K. J., & Stark, C. 2012a, ApJ 747, 148Google Scholar
Debes, J. H., Kilic, M., Faedi, F., Shkolnik, E. L., Lopez-Morales, M., Weinerger, A. J., Slesnick, C., & West, R. G. 2012b, ApJ, 754, 59Google Scholar
Desharnais, S., Wesemael, F., Chayer, P., Kruk, J. W., & Saffer, R. A. 2008, apJ, 672, 540CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dufour, P., Kilic, M., fontaine, G., Bergeron, P., Melis, C., & Bochanski, J. 2012, ApJ, 749, 6Google Scholar
Dupuis, J., Fontaine, G., & Wesemael, F. 1993, ApJS, 87, 345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupuis, J., Bouabid, M.-P., Wesemael, F., & Chayer, B. 2007, in 15th European Workshop on White Dwarfs, ASP Conference Series, eds. Napiwotzki, R. & Burleigh, M. R., 372, 261Google Scholar
Encrenaz, T. 2008, ARAA, 46, 57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farihi, J., Jura, M., & Zuckerman, B. 2009, ApJ, 694, 805Google Scholar
Farihi, J., Barstow, M. A., Redfield, S., Dufour, P., & Hambly, N. C. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 2123Google Scholar
Farihi, J., Brinkworth, C. S., Gaensicke, B. T.et al. 2011, ApJ, 728, 8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farihi, J., Gaensicke, B. T., Steele, P. R., Girven, J., Burleigh, M. R., Breedt, E., & Koester, D. 2012, MNRAS, 421, 1635Google Scholar
Fortney, J. 2012, ApJ, 747, L27Google Scholar
Gaensicke, B. T., Marsh, T. R., Southworth, J., & Rebassa-Mansergas, A. 2006, Science, 314, 1908Google Scholar
Gaensicke, B. T., Marsh, T. R., & Southworth, J. 2007, MNRAS, 380, L35Google Scholar
Gaensicke, B. T., Koester, D., Marsh, T. R., Rebassa-Mansergas, A., & Southworth, J. 2008, MNRAS, 391, L103Google Scholar
Gaensicke, B. T., Koester, D., Farihi, J., Girven, J., Parson, S. G., & Breedt, E. 2012, MNRAS, 424, 333CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, J. R., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., & Soifer, B. T. 1990, ApJ, 357, 216Google Scholar
Hansen, B. M. S. & Liebert, J. 2003, ARAA, 41, 465Google Scholar
Jewitt, D., Chizmadia, L., Grimm, R., & Prialnik, D. 2007, in Protostars and Planets V, Reipurth, B., Jewitt, D. & Keil, K., eds., (University of Arizona Press: Tucson), 863Google Scholar
Jura, M. 2003, ApJ, 584, L91Google Scholar
Jura, M. 2006, ApJ, 653, 613Google Scholar
Jura, M. 2008, AJ, 135, 1785Google Scholar
Jura, M., Farihi, J., & Zuckerman, B. 2007a, ApJ, 663, 1285CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jura, M., Farihi, J., Zuckerman, B., & Becklin, E. E. 2007b, AJ, 133, 1927CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jura, M., Farihi, J., & Zuckerman, B. 2009, AJ, 137, 3191Google Scholar
Jura, M., Xu, S., Klein, B., Koester, D., & Zuckerman, B. 2012a, ApJ, 750, 69Google Scholar
Jura, M. & Xu, S. 2010, AJ, 143, 6Google Scholar
Jura, M. & Xu, S. 2012, AJ, 143, 6Google Scholar
Kilic, M., von Hippel, T., Leggett, S. K., & Winget, D. E. 2005, ApJ, 632, L115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilic, M., von Hippel, T., Leggett, S. K., & Winget, D. E. 2006, ApJ, 646, 474Google Scholar
Klein, B., Jura, M., Koester, D., Zuckerman, B., & Melis, C. 2010, ApJ, 709, 950Google Scholar
Klein, B., Jura, M., Koester, D., & Zuckerman, B. 2011, ApJ, 741, 64Google Scholar
Koester, D. 2009, A&Ap, 498, 517Google Scholar
Koester, D., Gaensicke, B., Girven, J., & Farihi, J. 2012, in 18th European White Dwarf Conference, ASP Conference Proceedings, 469, 445Google Scholar
Lee, J.-E., Bergin, E. A., & Nomura, H. 2010, ApJ, 710, L21Google Scholar
Lodders, K. 2003, ApJ, 591, 1220Google Scholar
Marty, B. 2012, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 313, 56Google Scholar
Melis, C., Jura, M., Albert, L., Klein, B., & Zuckerman, B. 2010, ApJ, 724, 470CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melis, C., Farihi, J., Dufour, P.et al. 2011, ApJ, 732, 90Google Scholar
Melis, C., Dufour, P., Farihi, J.et al. 2012, ApJ, 751, 4Google Scholar
Metzger, B. D., Rafikov, R. R., & Bochkarev, K. V. 2012, MNRAS, 423, 505Google Scholar
Petigura, E. & Marcy, G. W. 2011, ApJ, 735, 41Google Scholar
Rafikov, R. 2011a, ApJ, 732, L3Google Scholar
Rafikov, R. 2011b, MNRAS, 416, L55Google Scholar
Reach, W. T., Kuchner, M. J., von Hippel, T., Burrows, A., Mullally, F., Kilic, M., & Winget, D. E. 2005, ApJ, 635, L161Google Scholar
Reach, W. T., Lissey, C., von Hippel, T., & Mullally, F. 2009, ApJ, 693, 697Google Scholar
Scott, E. R. D., Haack, H., & Love, S. G. 2001, Meteoritics & Planetary Sci., 36, 869Google Scholar
Song, I., Zuckerman, B., Weinberger, A J., & Becklin, E. E. 2005, Nature, 436, 363Google Scholar
Vennes, S., Kawka, A., & Nemeth, P. 2010, MNRAS, 404, L40Google Scholar
Vennes, S., Kawka, A., & Nemeth, P. 2011, MNRAS, 413, 2545Google Scholar
Wasson, J. D. & Kallemeyn, G. W. 1988, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 325, 535Google Scholar
Xu, S. & Jura, M. 2012, ApJ, 745, 88Google Scholar
Xu, S., Jura, ,., Klein, B., Koester, D., & Zuckerman, B. 2013, ApJ 766 article id. 132Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. & Becklin, E. E. 1987, Nature, 330, 138Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. 2001, ARAA, 39, 549Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Koester, D., Reid, I. N., & Hunsch, M. 2003, ApJ, 596, 477Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Koester, D., Melis, C., Hansen, B., & Jura, M. 2007, ApJ, 671, 872Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Melis, C., Klein, B., Koester, D., & Jura, M. 2010, ApJ, 722, 725Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Koester, D., Dufour, P., Melis, C., Klein, B., & Jura, M. 2011, ApJ, 739, 101Google Scholar