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Interactions between aquatic plants and turbulent flow: a field study using stereoscopic PIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2013

S. M. Cameron ,
V. I. Nikora ,
I. Albayrak ,
O. Miler ,
M. Stewart  and
F. Siniscalchi
S. M. Cameron*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
V. I. Nikora
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
I. Albayrak
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
O. Miler
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
M. Stewart
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
F. Siniscalchi
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: s.cameron@abdn.ac.uk
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Abstract

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A stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system for use in shallow (${\sim }$0.5 m deep) rivers was developed and deployed in the Urie River, Scotland, to study the interactions between turbulent flow and a Ranunculus penicillatus plant patch in its native environment. Statistical moments of the velocity field were calculated utilizing a new method of reducing the contribution of measurement noise, based on the measurement redundancy inherent in the stereoscopic PIV method. Reynolds normal and shear stresses, their budget terms, and higher-order moments of the velocity probability distribution in the wake of the plant patch were found to be dominated by the presence of a free shear layer induced by the plant drag. Plant motion, estimated from the PIV images, was characterized by travelling waves that propagate along the plant with a velocity similar to the eddy convection velocity, suggesting a direct coupling between turbulence and the plant motion. The characteristic frequency of the plant velocity fluctuations (${\sim }$1 Hz) may suggest that the plant motion is dominated by large eddies with scale similar to the flow depth or plant length. Plant and fluid velocity fluctuations were, in contrast, found to be strongly correlated only over a narrow (${\sim }$30 mm) elevation range above the top of the plant, supporting a contribution of the shear layer turbulence to the plant motion. Many aspects of flow–aquatic plant interactions remain to be clarified, and the newly developed stereoscopic field PIV system should prove valuable in future studies.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: River dynamics Turbulent Flows: Shear layer turbulence
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 732 , 10 October 2013 , pp. 345 - 372
Copyright
©2013 Cambridge University Press 

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Cameron et al. supplementary movie

Flow and plant velocity fluctuations measured around a Ranunculus penicillatus plant patch in the Urie river using stereoscopic PIV.

Download Cameron et al. supplementary movie(Video)
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