Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ws8qp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T11:16:02.966Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The CME link to geomagnetic storms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2010

Nat Gopalswamy*
Affiliation:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA email: nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The coronal mass ejection (CME) link to geomagnetic storms stems from the southward component of the interplanetary magnetic field contained in the CME flux ropes and in the sheath between the flux rope and the CME-driven shock. A typical storm-causing CME is characterized by (i) high speed, (ii) large angular width (mostly halos and partial halos), and (iii) solar source location close to the central meridian. For CMEs originating at larger central meridian distances, the storms are mainly caused by the sheath field. Both the magnetic and energy contents of the storm-producing CMEs can be traced to the magnetic structure of active regions and the free energy stored in them.

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2010

References

Bothmer, V. & Schwenn, R. 1994, Space Sci. Revs 70, 215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burlaga, L., Sittler, E., Mariani, F., & Schwenn, R. 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6673CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chumak, O. V., Zhang, H.-Q., & Guo, J. 2008, Astronomy Reports, 52 (10), 852CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curto, J. J., Araki, T., & Alberca, L. F. 2007, Earth Planets Space 59, p. iCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Démoulin, P. 2008, Ann. Geophys. 26, 3113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dungey, J. W. 1961, Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Echer, E., Gonzalez, W. D., & Alves, M. V. 2006, Space Weather 4, S06001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falconer, D., Moore, R.L., Gary, G. A., & Adams, M. 2009, ApJ 700, L166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez, W. D., Gonzalez, A. L. C., Dal Lago, A. et al. 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (7), 963CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N. 2002, COSPAR Colloquia Series 14, 157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N. 2004, in: Poletto, G. & Suess, S. T. (eds.), The Sun and the Heliosphere as an Integrated System, (Boston: Kluwer), p. 201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N. 2006a, JA&A 27, 243Google Scholar
Gopalswamy, N. 2006b, Space Sci. Revs 124, 145, doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9102-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N. 2006c, in: Gopalswamy, N., Mewaldt, R. A., & Torsti, J. (eds.), Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles, Washington, DC: AGU, p. 207Google Scholar
Gopalswamy, N. 2008, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2008.06.010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Kaiser, M. L., Howard, R. A., & Bougeret, J.-L. 2001a, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Lara, A., Yashiro, S., Kaiser, M. L., & Howard, R. A. 2001b, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., Liu, Y., Michalek, G., Vourlidas, A., Kaiser, M. L., & Howard, R. A. 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A09S15, doi:10.1029/2004JA010958Google Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Yashiro, S., & Akiyama, S., 2007, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A06112, doi: 10.1029/2006JA012149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Akiyama, S., Yashiro, S., Michalek, G., & Lepping, R. P. 2008, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy. 70, 245CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Dal Lago, A., Yashiro, S., & Akiyama, S. 2009a, Central European Astrophysical Bulletin 33, 115Google Scholar
Gopalswamy, N., Thompson, W. T., Davila, J. et al. 2009b, Solar Phys. 259, 227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosling, J. T. 1993, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 18937CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosling, J. T., Thomsen, M. F., Bame, S. J., & Zwickl, R. D. 1987a, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12399CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosling, J. T., Baker, D. N., Bame, S. J., Feldman, W. C., Zwickl, R. D. & Smith, E. J. 1987b, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 8519CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsay, G. M., Russell, C. T., & Luhmann, J. G. 1995, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 16999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsay, G. M., Luhmann, J. G., Russell, C. T., & Gosling, J. T. 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 12515CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingston, W., Harvey, J. W., Malanushenko, O. V., & Webster, L. 2006, Solar Phys. 239, 41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loewe, C. A. & Prölss, G. W. 1997, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 14209CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, S. F. & McAllister, A. H. 1997, in: Crooker, N., Joselyn, J. A., & Feynman, J. (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 99 (Washington, D.C.: AGU), p. 127Google Scholar
Marubashi, K. 1997, in: Crooker, N., Joselyn, J. A., & Feynman, J. (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 99 (Washington, D.C.: AGU), p. 147Google Scholar
MacKay, D. H., Gaizauskas, V., Rickard, G. J., & Priest, E. R. 1997, ApJ 486, 534CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, H. W. 1955, Vistas in Astronomy 1 (1), 666CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ontiveros, V. & Vourlidas, A. 2009, ApJ 693, 267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiu, J., Hu, Q., Howard, T. A., & Yurchyshyn, V. B. 2007, ApJ 659, 758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, P., Schatzman, C., Cane, H. V., Richardson, I. G., & Gopalswamy, N. 2006, ApJ 647, 648CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, P. H. & Glatzmaier, G. A. 2000, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 1081CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siscoe, G., Crooker, N. U., & Clauer, C. R. 2006, Adv. Sp. Res. 38 (2), 173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, N. 2006, JA&A 27, 237Google Scholar
Sung, S.-K., Marubashi, K., Cho, K.-S. et al. 2009, ApJ 699, 298CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsurutani, B. T., Gonzalez, W. D., Gonzalez, A. L. C. et al. 1995, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 21717CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y. M., Ye, P.Z., Wang, S., Zhou, G. P., & Wang, J. X. 2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 1340Google Scholar
Webb, D. F., Lepping, R. P., Burlaga, L. F., DeForest, C. E., Larson, D. E., Martin, S. F., Plunkett, S. P., & Rust, D. M. 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 27251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, C. C. & Lepping, R. P. 2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 1346Google Scholar
Xu, D., Chen, T., Zhang, X. X., & Liu, Z. 2009, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy. 57, 1500Google Scholar
Yurchyshyn, V. B., Wang, H., Goode, P. R., & Deng, Y. 2001, ApJ, 563, 381CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J. et al. 2007, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A10102, doi:10.1029/2007JA012321Google Scholar