Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T01:01:28.068Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rewriting Collaboration: China, Japan, and the Self in the Diaries of Bai Jianwu

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2009

Get access

Abstract

This essay considers the meanings of Sino-Japanese collaboration before the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) through the personal diary of one collaborator, Bai Jianwu (1886–1937). Rather than debate the veracity of the diary narrative, the author considers the diary as a “political performance”—as an assembly of formulaic elements borrowed from contemporary discourse, historical example, and generic conventions that was designed to locate collaboration within a range of conceivable responses to China's predicament. While the emerging narratives of national resistance typically portrayed collaboration as an unthinkable transgression, the collaboration narrative of the diary, shifting and often ambivalent, illuminates the terms on which Bai was prepared to argue that collaboration with the Japanese was an acceptable choice, and the place that he allowed collaboration in the story of his life.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Agnew, Vanessa. 1999. “Dissecting the Cannibal: Comparing the Function of the Autopsy Principle in the Diaries and Narratives of Cook's Second Voyage.” In Marginal Voices, Marginal Forms: Diaries in European Literature and History, ed. Langford, Rachel and West, Russell, 5061. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Autrey, Ken. 1991. “Toward a Rhetoric of Journal Writing.Rhetoric Review 10 (1): 7490.Google Scholar
Bai Jianwu, . 1992. Bai Jianwu riji [Diary of Bai Jianwu]. 2 vols. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Barrett, David P., and Shyu, Larry N., eds. 2001. Chinese Collaboration with Japan, 1932–1945: The Limits of Accommodation. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Brook, Timothy. 2000. “Collaborationist Nationalism in Occupied Wartime China.” In Nation Work: Asian Elites and National Identities, ed. Brook, Timothy and Schmid, Andre, 159–90. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Brook, Timothy. 2001. “The Creation of the Reformed Government in Central China, 1938.” In Chinese Collaboration with Japan, 1932–1945: The Limits of Accommodation, ed. Barrett, David P. and Shyu, Larry N., 79101. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Brook, Timothy. 2005. Collaboration: Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bukey, Evan Burr. 2000. Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938–1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Cai Shuangquan, , and Yang, Xiulin. 2000. “Wang Jingwei panguo toudi xinli tanjiu” [A psychological study of Wang Jingwei's treason and capitulation]. Minguo Dang'an 2000 (4): 97101.Google Scholar
Coble, Parks M. 1991. Facing Japan: Chinese Politics and Japanese Imperialism, 1931–1937. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Coble, Parks M. 2003. Chinese Capitalists in Japan's New Order: The Occupied Lower Yangzi, 1937–1945. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Hans Fredrik. 1999. Quisling: A Study in Treachery. Trans. Stanton-Ife, Anne-Marie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, Mark S. 2000. “Histories and Texts: Refiguring the Diaries of Samuel Pepys.Historical Journal 43 (2): 407–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Ceuster, Koen. 2002. “The Nation Exorcised: The Historiography of Collaboration in South Korea.Korean Studies 25 (2): 207–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dryburgh, Marjorie. 2000. North China and Japanese Expansion, 1933–1937: Regional Power and the National Interest. Richmond, UK: Curzon.Google Scholar
Du Chunhe, . 1987. “Bai Jianwu yi sheng” [Life of Bai Jianwu]. Hebei wenshi ziliao xuanji [Cultural and historical materials on Hebei], no. 30. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Renmin.Google Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 2003. Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Duus, Peter, Myers, Ramon H., and Peattie, Mark R.. 1989. The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895–1937. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, Joshua A. 1996. The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, 1862–1945. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Frederick, William H. 1999. “Reflections in a Moving Stream: Indonesian Memories of the War and the Japanese.” In Representing the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia: Personal Testimonies and Public Images in Indonesia, Japan and the Netherlands, ed. Raben, Remco, 1635. Zwolle: Waanders.Google Scholar
Fu Poshek, . 1993. Passivity, Resistance, and Collaboration: Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai, 1937–1945. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fu, Qiyuan. 2002. “Kangzhan shiqi hanjian xingcheng yuanyin tanxi” [Reasons for collaboration during the War of Resistance]. Minguo Dang'an 2002 (4): 8386.Google Scholar
Fung, Edmund S. K. 2000. In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gaimusho, . 1928. Gendai Shina Jinmeikan. [Who's who in modern China] Tokyo: Gaimusho Jôhôbu.Google Scholar
Harrison, Henrietta. 2004. The Man Awakened from Dreams: One Man's Life in a North China Village, 1857–1942. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
He Deting, . 2004. “Kangzhan shiqi hanjian xinli zhi tanxi” [Examining the psychology of collaborators during the War of Resistance]. Yunyang shifan gaodeng zhuanke xuexiao xuebao 24 (2): 104–7.Google Scholar
Howland, Douglas. 1996. Borders of Chinese Civilization: Geography and History at Empire's End. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Huang Lingjun, . 2003. “Lun Bai Jianwu de zhuanbian—yi ge jiazhi xiangduizhuyi hanhunxing de shili” [On Bai Jianwu's changing thought: Case study in the ambiguity of value relativism]. Wuhan daxue xuebao (renwen kexue ban) 56 (4): 396401.Google Scholar
Hung, Chang-Tai. 1994. War and Popular Culture: Resistance in Modern China, 1937–1945. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ko, Dorothy. 1996. “Thinking about Copulating: An Early-Qing Confucian Thinker's Problem with Emotion and Words.” In Remapping China: Fissures in Historical Terrain, ed. Hershatter, Gail, Honig, Emily, Lipman, Jonathan N, and Stross, Randall, 5975. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Li Shengping, , et al. , eds. 1989. Zhongguo jinxiandai renming da cidian [Biographical dictionary of modern China]. Beijing: Zhongguo guangbo guoji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Li Yunhan, , ed. 1982. Kangzhan qian huabei zhengju shiliao. [Historical materials on North China politics before the War of Resistance]. Taibei: Zhengzhong shuju.Google Scholar
Liu Bing, . 1998. “Kang Ri zhanzheng shiqi de Wang Jingwei yu Wang wei zhengquan yanjiu xueshu zuotanhui zongshu” [Summary of the conference on Wang Jingwei and the illegitimate Wang regime during the War of Resistance to Japan]. Kang Ri zhanzheng shi yanjiu 1998 (4): 198204.Google Scholar
Lu, Yan. 2004. Re-understanding Japan: Chinese Perspectives, 1895–1945. Honolulu: Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Marrus, Michael R., and Paxton, Robert O.. 1995. Vichy France and the Jews. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCord, Edward A. 1993. The Power of the Gun: The Emergence of Modern Chinese Warlordism. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
McHale, Shawn. 2002. “Vietnamese Marxism, Dissent and the Politics of Postcolonial Memory: Tran Duc Thao, 1946–1993.Journal of Asian Studies 61 (1): 732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisner, Maurice. 1967. Li Ta-chao and the Origins of Chinese Marxism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Mitsuda Tsuyoshi, . 1995. “Haku Kenmu nikki ni miru 9–18 jihen” [The Manchurian Incident seen through the diary of Bai Jianwu]. Rikkyo hōgaku 42:214–38.Google Scholar
Mitter, Rana. 2000. The Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mitter, Rana. 2002. “Contention and Redemption: Ideologies of National Salvation in Republican China.Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 3 (3): 4474.Google Scholar
Mitter, Rana. 2003. “Evil Empire: Competing Constructions of Japanese Imperialism in Manchuria, 1928–1937.” In Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945, ed. Narangoa, Li and Cribb, Robert, 146–68. London: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
Nanjing Shi Dang'anguan, . 1992. Shenxun Wang wei hanjian bilu [Trial records of collaborators of the illegitimate Wang regime]. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Okano, Masujirō. 1939. Go Haifu (Wu Peifu) Yamanashi: Manshōkaku.Google Scholar
Paxton, Robert O. 1972. Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Pu Yi, . 1987. From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi. Trans. Jenner, W. J. F.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rudoplh, Susanne Hoeber, Rudoplh, Lloyd I., with Kanota, Mohan Singh. 2002. Reversing the Gaze: Amar Singh's Diary, a Colonial Subject's Narrative of Imperial India. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Sareen, T. R. 2004. “Subhas Chandra Bose, Japan and British Imperialism.European Journal of East Asian Studies 3 (1): 6997.Google Scholar
Schlaeger, Jürgen. 1999. “Self-Exploration in Early Modern English Diaries.” In Marginal Voices, Marginal Forms: Diaries in European Literature and History, ed. Langford, Rachel and West, Russell, 2236. Amsterdam: Rodopi.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasevich, Jozo. 1994. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr. 1984. “Romantics, Stoics, and Martyrs in Seventeenth-Century China.Journal of Asian Studies (43) 4: 631–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr.. 1996. The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937–1941. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wakeman, Frederic Jr.. 2000. “Hanjian (Traitor)! Collaboration and Retribution in Wartime Shanghai.” In Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond, ed. Wen-hsin, Yeh, 298341. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldron, Arthur. 1995. From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924–1925. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wang Chaoguang, . 1999. “Kangzhan shiqi wei zhengquan gaoji guanyuan qingkuang de tongji yu fenxi” [Statistics and analysis of senior officials in illegitimate regimes during the War of Resistance]. Kangri zhanzheng yanjiu 1999 (1): 6887.Google Scholar
Wang Kewen, . 2001. Wang Jingwei—Guomindang—Nanjing zhengquan [Wang Jingwei—The Guomindang—The Nanjing regime]. Taibei: Academia Historica.Google Scholar
Wang Shibin, , Liang Quanjiang, , and Li Runting, . 1987. “Bai Jianwu luo wang ji” [Record of the capture of Bai Jianwu]. Hebei wenshi ziliao xuanji [Cultural and historical materials on Hebei], no. 30. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Renmin.Google Scholar
Wu Peiyi, . 1990. The Confucian's Progress. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Young, Louise. 1998. Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Zhang Daxiang, . 1983. “Bai Jianwu qi ren” [Bai Jianwu, the man]. In Tianjin wenshi ziliao [Cultural and historical materials on Tianjin], vol. 23, 190–95. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhang Sheng, . 2005. “Lun Wang wei dui Guomindang zhengzhi fuhao de zhengduo” [On the illegitimate Wang regime's struggle over GMD political symbols]. Kang-Ri zhanzheng shi yanjiu 2005 (2): 133.Google Scholar
Zhang Sheng, , et al. 2003. Ri-wei guanxi yanjiu [Research on relations between Japan and illegitimate regimes]. Nanjing: Nanjing chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhongyang Dang'anguan, et al. , eds. 2000. Huabei shibian [The North China incident]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Zhu Wentong, , ed. 1999. Li Dazhao quanji, di er juan [Complete works of Li Dazhao, vol. 2]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zou, Lijing. 1989. “‘9–18’ hou Ri kou zhizao ‘Huabeiguo’ de yinmou” [Conspiracy by the Japanese bandits to create a “North China state” after the Manchurian Incident]. Wenshi ziliao xuanji [Selection of cultural and historical materials], no. 37. Beijing: Zhongguo wenshi chubanshe.Google Scholar