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The Appearance Anxiety Inventory: Validation of a Process Measure in the Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2013

David Veale ,
Ertimiss Eshkevari ,
Natalie Kanakam ,
Nell Ellison ,
Ana Costa  and
Tom Werner
David Veale*
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Ertimiss Eshkevari
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Natalie Kanakam
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Nell Ellison
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Ana Costa
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Tom Werner
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
*
Reprint requests to David Veale, Centre for Anxiety Disorders, The Maudsley Hospital, 99 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK. E-mail: david.veale@kcl.ac.uk
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Abstract

Background: At present there are no measures to identify the cognitive processes and behaviours that might mediate the outcome of treatment in people with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Aims: To develop and validate a process measure that can be used to assess the progress of patients throughout therapy and in research for BDD. Method: The psychometric properties of the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) were explored in a clinical group of participants diagnosed with BDD (Study 1) and in a non-clinical community group with high appearance concerns (Study 2). Item characteristics, reliability, and factor structure were analysed. Convergent validity with measures of related symptoms was assessed. Results: The AAI was found to have good test-retest reliability and convergent validity in the measurement of appearance anxiety. It was also sensitive to change during treatment. The scale was found to have a two-factor structure in the clinical group, with one factor characterized by avoidance, and a second factor comprised of threat monitoring. However, in the community sample it appeared to have a one-factor structure. Conclusion: The results suggest that the AAI has the psychometric properties to determine whether changes in cognitive processes and behaviours can mediate the outcome following treatment in patients with BDD. This supports its potential usefulness in clinical and research settings.

Keywords

Body Dysmorphic Disorderquestionnaireassessment
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 42 , Issue 5 , September 2014 , pp. 605 - 616
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2013 

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Appearance Anxiety Inventory

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