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Influence of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

I. Wąsowska ,
M. R. G. Maia ,
K. M. Niedźwiedzka ,
M. Czauderna ,
J. M. C. Ramalho Ribeiro ,
E. Devillard ,
K. J. Shingfield  and
R. J. Wallace
I. Wąsowska
Affiliation:
Rowett Research InstituteGreenburn RoadBucksburnAberdeen AB21 9SBUK Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of Sciences05-110 JablonnaPoland
M. R. G. Maia
Affiliation:
Rowett Research InstituteGreenburn RoadBucksburnAberdeen AB21 9SBUK Estaça˜o Zootécnica NacionalFonte Boa2005-048 Vale de SantarémPortugal
K. M. Niedźwiedzka
Affiliation:
Rowett Research InstituteGreenburn RoadBucksburnAberdeen AB21 9SBUK Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of Sciences05-110 JablonnaPoland
M. Czauderna
Affiliation:
Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of Sciences05-110 JablonnaPoland
J. M. C. Ramalho Ribeiro
Affiliation:
Estaça˜o Zootécnica NacionalFonte Boa2005-048 Vale de SantarémPortugal
E. Devillard
Affiliation:
Rowett Research InstituteGreenburn RoadBucksburnAberdeen AB21 9SBUK
K. J. Shingfield
Affiliation:
Animal Production ResearchMTT Agrifood Research Finland31600JokioinenFinland
R. J. Wallace*
Affiliation:
Rowett Research InstituteGreenburn RoadBucksburnAberdeen AB21 9SBUK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr R. John Wallace, fax +44 1224 716687, email rjw@rowett.ac.uk
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Abstract

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Dietary cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is generally thought to be beneficial for human health. Fish oil added to ruminant diets increases the CLA concentration of milk and meat, an increase thought to arise from alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the mechanism for this effect, in vitro incubations were carried out with ruminal digesta and the main biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (LNA) was incubated (1·67g/l) with strained ruminal digesta from sheep receiving a 50:50 grass hay–concentrate ration. Adding fish oil (up to 4·17g/l) tended to decrease the initial rate of LA (P=0·025) and LNA (P=0·137) disappearance, decreased (P<0·05) the transient accumulation of conjugated isomers of both fatty acids, and increased (P<0·05) the accumulation of trans-11-18:1. Concentrations of EPA (20:5 n-3) or DHA (22:6 n-3), the major fatty acids in fish oil, were low (100mg/l or less) after incubation of fish oil with ruminal digesta. Addition of EPA or DHA (50mg/l) to pure cultures inhibited the growth and isomerase activity of B. fibrisolvens, while fish oil had no effect. In contrast, similar concentrations of EPA and DHA had no effect on biohydrogenation of LA by mixed digesta, while the addition of LA prevented metabolism of EPA and DHA. Neither EPA nor DHA was metabolised by B. fibrisolvens in pure culture. Thus, fish oil inhibits ruminal biohydrogenation by a mechanism which can be interpreted partly, but not entirely, in terms of its effects on B. fibrisolvens.

Keywords

BiohydrogenationConjugated linoleic acidFish oilTrans fatty acids
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , June 2006 , pp. 1199 - 1211
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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