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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF THE NORTHERN JUNE BEETLE, PHYLLOPHAGA FUSCA, AND THE COMMON JUNE BEETLE, P. ANXIA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J. C. Guppy
J. C. Guppy
Affiliation:
Ottawa Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa K1A 0C6
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Abstract

In western Quebec, first flight of overwintered adults of the northern June beetle, Phyllophaga fusca (Froelich), and the common June beetle, P. anxia (Le Conte), occurred in mid-May with the accumulation of about 156 degree-days above 5 °C beginning 1 April. When soil temperature was 10 °C or higher, flight started 12–45 min after sunset, apparently in response to an endogenous rhythm that was triggered by low light intensity within the range 1.0 to 96.9 lux; high soil temperature induced early flight. Early in the flight season, duration of flight was 10–46 min and was inversely related to time of flight initiation. In early June, the flight began in darkness and was associated with peak oviposition and ageing; it lasted 20–35 min and was directed into the trees or to oviposition sites within a field.

Males were attracted to light during a pre-copulatory flight which lasted more than 1 h until maximum coupling occurred near 2230 h; beetles remained in copula for 3 h or more. Morning flight directly back to the soil was triggered by light intensity increasing to about 1.0 lux.

Résumé

Dans l'ouest du Québec, le premier envol des adultes du hanneton du nord, Phyllophaga fusca Froelich, et du hanneton commun, P. anxia Le Conte, sortant de l'hibernation prend place vers la mi-mai au bout de l'accumulation d'environ 156 degrés-jours au-dessus de 5 °C, après le 1er avril. Lorsque la température du sol est de 10 °C ou plus, l'envoi survient de 12 à 45 minutes après le coucher du soleil et correspond apparemment à un rythme endogène déclenché par une faible irradiation variant entre 1.0 et 96.9 lux; la température élevée du sol provoque un envol précoce. Tôt dans la saison, la durée du vol n'est que de 10 à 46 minutes et est inversement associée au moment du début de l'envol. Au début de juin, le vol commence à l'obscurité et est associé à la période de ponte et de maturation maximale; il dure de 20 à 35 minutes et les insectes se dirigent vers les arbres ou les sites de ponte dans les champs.

Au cours d'un vol pré-copulatoire d'une duré supérieure à 1 heure, les insectes mâles ont été attirés vers la lumière et l'accouplement maximum s'est produit vers 22 h 30 pour se poursuivre pendant 3 h ou plus. Le vol du matin avait le sol pour but direct et a été déclenché par une irradiation d'environ 1.0 lux.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 114 , Issue 12 , December 1982 , pp. 1151 - 1157
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1982

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