Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T09:33:21.540Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with incremental amounts of conventional or high oleic acid milled rapeseed on milk fatty acid composition in cows fed maize silage-based diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2011

K. E. Kliem ,
K. J. Shingfield ,
D. J. Humphries  and
D. I. Givens
K. E. Kliem*
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, Berkshire, United Kingdom
K. J. Shingfield
Affiliation:
MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
D. J. Humphries
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, Berkshire, United Kingdom
D. I. Givens
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, Berkshire, United Kingdom
*
†E-mail: k.e.kliem@reading.ac.uk
Get access

Abstract

Based on potential benefits to human health, there is increasing interest in altering the composition of ruminant-derived foods. Including rapeseeds in the dairy cow diet is an effective strategy for replacing medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in bovine milk, but there is limited information on the optimum level of supplementation. Decreases in SFA due to plant oils are also accompanied by increases in milk trans fatty acid (FA) content and it is possible that high oleic acid rapeseeds may result in a higher enrichment of cis-9 18:1 and lower increases in trans FAs in milk compared with conventional varieties. Seven multiparous lactating Holstein–Friesian cows were allocated to one of seven treatments in an incomplete Latin square design with five 28-day experimental periods, to evaluate the effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate (CPO; 41 g/kg diet dry matter, DM) with 128, 168 or 207 g/kg diet DM of conventional (COR) or a high oleic acid (HOR) rapeseed fed as a supplement milled with wheat. Rapeseed variety and inclusion level had no effect (P > 0.05) on DM intake, milk yield and composition. Both rapeseed varieties decreased linearly (P < 0.001) milk fat SFA content, which was partially compensated for by a linear increase (P < 0.001) in cis-9 18:1 concentration. Reductions in milk SFA were also associated with increases (P < 0.05) in trans 18:1 and total trans FA content, with no difference (P > 0.05) between rapeseed varieties. Replacing CPO in the diet with milled rapeseeds had no effect (P > 0.05) on total milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration. Relative to a COR, inclusion of a high oleic acid variant in the diet increased (P = 0.01) the ratio of trans-MUFA : trans-polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk that may have implications with respect to cardiovascular disease risk in humans. In conclusion, data indicated that replacing CPO with milled rapeseeds at levels up to 1150 g oil/day could be used as a nutritional strategy to lower milk SFA content without inducing adverse effects on DM intake and milk production. HOR reduced milk fat SFA content to a greater extent than a conventional variety, but did not minimise associated increases in trans FA concentrations. However, the high oleic acid variant did alter the relative abundance of specific trans 18:1, CLA and trans 18:2 isomers compared with conventional rapeseeds.

Keywords

milk fatrapeseedoleic acidtrans fatty acidsconjugated linoleic acid
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 8 , August 2011 , pp. 1311 - 1321
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brouwer, IA, Wanders, AJ, Katan, MB 2010. Effect of animal and industrial trans fatty acids on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in humans – a quantitative review. PLoS ONE 5, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chelikani, PK, Bell, JA, Kennelly, JJ 2004. Effects of feeding or abomasal infusion of canola oil in Holstein cows 1. Nutrient digestion and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Research 71, 279–287.Google Scholar
Chichlowski, MW, Schroeder, JW, Park, CS, Keller, WL, Schimek, DE 2005. Altering the fatty acids in milk fat by including canola seed in dairy cattle diets. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3084–3094.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Mansbridge, RM, Doreau, M 2000. Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 181–205.Google Scholar
Collomb, M, Sollberger, H, Bütikofer, U, Sieber, R, Stoll, W, Schaeren, W 2004. Impact of a basal diet of hay and fodder beet supplemented with rapeseed, linseed and sunflowerseed on the fatty acid composition of milk fat. International Dairy Journal 14, 549–559.Google Scholar
Corl, BA, Baumgard, LH, Griinari, JM, Delmonte, P, Morehouse, KM, Yurawecz, MP, Bauman, DE 2002. Trans-7, cis-9 CLA is synthesized endogenously by Δ9-desaturase in dairy cows. Lipids 37, 681–688.Google Scholar
DePeters, EJ, German, JB, Taylor, SJ, Essex, ST, Perez-Monti, H 2001. Fatty acid and triglyceride composition of milk fat from lactating Holstein cows in response to supplemental canola oil. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 929–936.Google Scholar
Enjalbert, F, Nicot, MC, Bayourthe, C, Moncoulon, R 1998. Duodenal infusions of palmitic, stearic or oleic acids differently affect mammary gland metabolism of fatty acids in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1525–1532.Google Scholar
Givens, DI, Shingfield, KJ 2006. Optimising dairy milk fatty acid composition. In Improving the fat content of foods (ed. C. Williams and J. Buttriss), pp 252–280. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Givens, DI, Allison, R, Blake, JS 2003. Enhancement of oleic acid and vitamin E concentrations of bovine milk using dietary supplements of whole rapeseed and vitamin E. Animal Research 52, 531–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, DI, Kliem, KE, Humphries, DJ, Shingfield, KJ, Morgan, R 2009. Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with rapeseed oil, milled or whole rapeseeds on milk fatty acid composition in cows fed maize silage-based diets. Animal 3, 1067–1074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glasser, F, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y 2008. Oilseed supplements and fatty acid composition of cow milk: a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 4687–4703.Google Scholar
Hansen, HO, Knudsen, J 1987. Effect of exogenous long-chain fatty acids on individual fatty acid synthesis by dispersed ruminant mammary gland cell. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 1350–1354.Google Scholar
Harfoot, CG, Hazlewood, GP 1997. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (ed. PN Hobson and CS Stewart), pp. 382–426. Blackie Academic and Professional, London, UK.Google Scholar
Henderson, L, Gregory, J, Irving, K, Swan, G 2003. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: adults aged 19–64 years, vol. 2: energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and alcohol intake. The Stationery Office, London, UK.Google Scholar
Hulshof, KFAM, van Erp-Baart, MA, Anttolainen, M, Becker, W, Church, SM, Couet, C, Hermann-Kunz, E, Kesteloot, H, Leth, T, Martins, I, Moreiras, O, Moschandreas, J, Pizzoferrato, L, Rimestad, AH, Thorgeirsdottir, H, van Amelsvoort, JMM, Aro, A, Kafatos, AG, Lanzmann-Petithory, D, van Poppel, G 1999. Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: the TRANSFAIR study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 143–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakobsen, MU, Bysted, A, Andersen, NL, Heitmann, BL, Hartkopp, HB, Leth, T, Overvad, K, Dyerberg, J 2006. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease – An overview. Atherosclerosis Supplements 7, 9–11.Google Scholar
Jenkins, TC 1998. Fatty acid composition of milk from Holstein cows fed oleamide or canola oil. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 794–800.Google Scholar
Jouany, J-P, Lassalas, B, Doreau, M, Glasser, F 2007. Dynamic features of the rumen metabolism of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and linseed oil measured in vitro. Lipids 42, 351–360.Google Scholar
Kliem, KE, Morgan, R, Humphries, DJ, Shingfield, KJ, Givens, DI 2008. Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition. Animal 2, 1850–1858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kris-Etherton, P, Pearson, TA, Wan, Y, Hargrove, RL, Moriarty, K, Fishell, V 1999. High-monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 1009–1015.Google Scholar
Lock, AL, Shingfield, KJ 2004. Optimising milk composition. In Dairying – using science to meet consumers’ needs. British Society of Animal Science, publication no. 29, (ed. E Kebreab, J Mills and DE Beever), pp. 107–188. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Loor, JJ, Herbein, JH, Jenkins, TC 2002. Nutrient digestion, biohydrogenation and fatty acid profiles in blood plasma and milk fat from lactating Holstein cows fed canola oil or canolamide. Animal Feed Science and Technology 97, 65–82.Google Scholar
McKain, N, Shingfield, KJ, Wallace, RJ 2010. Metabolism of conjugated linoleic acids and 18:1 fatty acids by ruminal bacteria : products and mechanisms. Microbiology 156, 579–588.Google Scholar
Mensink, RP, Zock, PL, Kester, ADM, Katan, MB 2003. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, 1146–1155.Google Scholar
Mosley, EE, McGuire, MA 2007. Methodology for the in vivo measurement of the delta 9-desaturation of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids in lactating dairy cattle. Lipids 42, 939–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosley, EE, Powell, GL, Riley, MB, Jenkins, TC 2002. Microbial biohydrogenation of oleic acid to trans isomers in vitro. Journal of Lipid Research 43, 290–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmquist, DL 1994. The role of dietary fats in efficiency of ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 124 (suppl.), 1377S–1382S.Google Scholar
Piperova, LS, Sampugna, J, Teter, BB, Kalscheur, KF, Yurawecz, MP, Ku, Y, Morehouse, KM, Erdman, RA 2002. Duodenal and milk trans octadecenoic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers indicate that postabsorptive synthesis is the predominant source of cis-9 containing CLA in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 132, 1235–1241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Proell, JM, Mosley, EE, Powell, GL, Jenkins, TC 2002. Isomerization of stable isotopically labelled elaidic acid to cis and trans monoenes by ruminal microbes. Journal of Lipid Research 43, 2072–2076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rego, OA, Alves, SP, Antunes, LMS, Rosa, HJD, Alfaia, CFM, Prates, JAM, Cabrita, ARJ, Fonseca, AJM, Bessa, RJB 2009. Rumen biohydrogenation-derived fatty acids in milk fat from grazing dairy cows supplemented with rapeseed, sunflower, or linseed oils. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4530–4540.Google Scholar
Ryhänen, E-L, Tallavaara, K, Griinari, JM, Jaakkola, S, Mantere-Alhonen, S, Shingfield, KJ 2005. Production of conjugated linoleic acid enriched milk and dairy products from cows receiving grass silage supplemented with a cereal-based concentrate containing rapeseed oil. International Dairy Journal 15, 207–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schierholt, A, Becker, HC, Ecke, W 2000. Mapping a high oleic acid mutation in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 101, 897–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schierholt, A, Rücker, B, Becker, HC 2001. Inheritance of high oleic acid mutations in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Crop Science 41, 1444–1449.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Bernard, L, Leroux, C, Chilliard, Y 2010. Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants. Animal 4, 1140–1166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shingfield, KJ, Chilliard, Y, Toivonen, V, Kairenius, P, Givens, DI 2008. Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk. In Bioactive components of milk (ed. Z. Bösze), pp. 3–65. Springer, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Ahvenjärvi, S, Toivonen, V, Ärölä, A, Nurmela, KVV, Huhtanen, P, Griinari, JM 2003. Effect of dietary fish oil on biohydrogenation of fatty acids and milk fatty acid content in cows. Animal Science 77, 165–179.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Reynolds, CK, Lupoli, B, Yurawecz, MP, Delmonte, P, Griinari, JM, Grandison, AS, Beever, DE 2005. Effect of forage type and proportion of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in cows given sunflower oil and fish oil. Animal Science 80, 225–238.Google Scholar
Thomas, C 2004. Feed into milk: a new applied feeding system for dairy cows. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Willett, W, Mozaffarian, D 2008. Ruminant or industrial sources of trans fatty acids: public health issue or food label skirmish? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87, 515–516.Google Scholar