Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T01:06:12.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: a genetic model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 1985

Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Monograph
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, B., Gohdsian, M. & Richardson, K. (1976). Evidence for a low upper limit of heri lability of mental test performance in a national sample of twins Nature 263, 314316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adby, P. R., & Dempster, M. A. H. (1974). Introduction to Optimisation Methods. Chapman and Hall: London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Afzelius, B. A. (1976). A human syndrome caused by immotile cilia. Science 193, 317319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1964). A model of the inheritance of handedness and cerebral dominance. Nature 204, 5961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Annett, M. (1973). Handedness in families. Annals of Human Genetics 37, 93105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1975). Hand preference and the laterality of cerebral speech. Cortex 11, 303328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1978). A single gene explanation of right and left-handedness and brainedness. Lanchester Polytechnic. Annett, M. (1981). The genetics of handedness. Trends in Neurosciences 3, 5658.Google Scholar
Annett, M., Hudson, P. T. W. & Turner, A. (1974). Effects of right and left unilateral ECT in naming and visual discrimination analysed in relation to handedness. British Journal of Psychiatry 124, 260264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. & Kilshaw, D. (1983). Right- and left-hand skill. II. Estimating the parameters of the distribution of L-R differences in males and females. British Journal of Psychology 74, 269283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker-Cohen, K. F. (1961) Visceral and vascular transposition in fishes, and a comparison with similar anomalies in man. American Journal of Anatomy 109, 3755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, D. J., van der Vlugi, J. & Claushuis, M. (1978). The reliability of dichotic ear asymmetry in normal children. Neuropsychologia 16, 753757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basso, A., Faglioni, P. & Vignole, L. A. (1975). Etude controlee de la re-education du langage dans l’aphasie: comparison entre aphasiques traites et non-traites. RevueNeurologique 131, 607614.Google Scholar
Berlin, C. I., & Cullen, J. K. (1977). Acoustic problems in dichotic listening tasks. In Language Development and Neurological Theory (ed. Segalowitz, S. J., and Gruber, F A.), pp. 7588. Academic Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigelow, L. B., Nasrallah, H. A. & Rauscher, P. P. (1983). Corpus callosum thickness in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 142, 284287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bingley, T. (1958). Mental symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy and temporal lobe gliomas. Ada Psychiatrica et Neurologica 33, Supplement 120, 1151.Google Scholar
Birnbaum, A. (1972). The random phenotype concept, with applications. Genetics 72, 739758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, D. V. M. (1980). Measuring familial sinistrality. Cortex 16, 311313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumstein, S., Goodglass, H. & Tartler, V. (1975). The reliability of ear advantage in dichotic listening. Brain and Language 2, 226235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bossy, J. G. (1972). Morphological study of a case of complete, isolated and asymptomatic agenesis of the corpus callosum. Archives d’Anatomie, d’Histologie et dyEmbryologie 53, 291340.Google Scholar
Bouterwek, E. (1938). Cited by Zazzo (1960).Google Scholar
Bryden, M. P. (1975). Speech lateralisation in families: a preliminary study using dichotic listening. Brain and Language 2, 201211.Google Scholar
Carter-Saltzmann, L. (1980). Biological and socio-cultural effects on handedness: comparison between biological and adoptive families. Science 209, 12631265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter-Saltzmann, L., Scarr-Salatapek, S., Barker, W. B. & Katz, S. (1976). Left-handedness in twins: incidence and patterns of performance in an adolescent sample. Behaviour Genetics 6, 189203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlain, H. D. (1928) The inheritance of left-handedness. Journal of Heredity 19, 557 559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colbourn, C. J. (1978). Can laterality be measured? Neuropsychologia 16, 283289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, R. L. (1970). The sound of one paw clapping: an inquiry into the origin of left-handedness. In Contributions to Behaviour—Genetic Analysis - The Mouse as a Prototype (ed. Linzey, G., and Thiessen, D. D.), pp. 115136. Merideth Corporation: New York.Google Scholar
Conrad, K. (1949). Über aphasische Sprachstörungen bei hirnverletzten Linkshander. Nervenarzt 20, 148154.Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1980). Is left-handedness genetically determined? In Neuropsychology of Left-Handedness (ed. Herron, J.), pp. 159176. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C., & Beale, I. L. (1976). The Psychology of Left and Right. Laurence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, N.J.Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C., & Morgan, M. J. (1978). On the biological basis of human laterality: I. Evidence for a maturational left-right gradient. The Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1, 261269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coren, S. & Porac, C. (1980). Family patterns in four dimensions of lateral preference. Behaviour Genetics 10, 333348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curry, F. K. W. (1967). A comparison of left-handedness and right-handed subjects on verbal and non-verbal dichotic listening tasks. Cortex 3, 343352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutting, J. E. (1974). Two left-hemisphere mechanisms in speech perception. Perception and Psychophysics 16, 601612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darley, F. L. (1975). Treatment of acquired aphasia. Advances in Neurology 7, 111145.Google ScholarPubMed
Davis, A. E., & Wada, J. A. (1977). Lateralisation of speech dominance by spectral analysis of evoked potentials. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 40, 14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dechaume, M. P. (1957). Contribution a l’étude de la dominance laterale chez les jumeaux. Paris M.D. thesis, unpublished. Cited by Zazzo (1960).Google Scholar
Dee, H. L. (1971). Auditory asymmetry and strength of manual preference. Cortex 7, 236245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dennis, M. (1976). Impaired sensory and motor differentiation with corpus callosum agenesis: a lack of callosal inhibition durin g ontogeny. Neuropsychologia 14, 455469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennis, M. & Whitaker, H. A. (1977). Hemisphere equi-potentiality and language acquisition. In Language Development and Neurological Theories (ed. Segalowitz, S. J., and Gruber, F. A.), pp. 93106. Academic Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, A. W. F. (1972). Likelihood. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ettlinger, G., Blakemore, C. B., Milner, A. D. & Wilson, J. (1972). Agenesis of the corpus callosum. Brain 95, 327346.Google Scholar
Falek, A. (1959). Handedness: a family study. American Journal of Human Genetics 11, 5262.Google ScholarPubMed
Ferris, G. J., & Dorsen, M. M. (1975). Agenesis of the corpus callosum: 1. Neuropsychological studies. Cortex 11, 95122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferronato, S., Thomas, D. & Sadava, D. (1974). Preferences for handedness, arm-folding and hand-clasping in families. Human Heredity 24, 345351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Field, M., Ashton, R. & White, K. (1978). Agenesis of the corpus callosum: report of two pre-school children and a review of the literature. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 20, 4761.Google Scholar
Fleminger, J. J., de L. Home, D. J. & Nott, P. N. (1970). Unilateral electroconvulsive therapy and cerebral dominance: effect of right and left-sided electrode placement on verbal memory. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 33, 408411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, E., O’Rahilly, R. & Prolo, D. (1975). The Dandy-Walker and Arnold-Chiari Malformations. Archives of Neurology 32, 393407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geffen, G., Traub, E. & Stierman, I. (1978). Language laterality assessed by unilateral ECT and dichotic monitoring. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 41, 354360.Google Scholar
Gloning, I., Gloning, K., Haub, G. & Quatember, R. (1969). Comparison of verbal behaviour in right-handed and non-right-handed patients with anatomically verified lesion of one hemisphere. Cortex 5, 4352.Google Scholar
Gloning, K., Trappl, R., Heiss, W. D. & Quatember, R. (1976). Prognosis and speech therapy in aphasia. In Recovery in Aphasics (ed. Lebrun, Y., and Hoops, R.), pp. 5762. Swets and Zeitlinger: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Goodglass, H. & Geschwind, N. (1976). Language disorders (aphasia). In Handbook of Perception, Vol. VII: Language, and Speech (ed. Carterette, E. C. and Friedman, M. P.), pp. 390428. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Goodglass, H. & Kaplan, E. (1963). Disturbances of gesture and pantomime in aphasia. Brain 86, 703720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gur, R. E. (1977). Motoric laterality imbalance in schizophrenia: a possible concomitant of left-hemisphere dysfunction. Archives of General Psychiatry 34, 3337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardyck, C. (1977). A model of individual differences in hemispheric functioning. In Studies in Neurolinguistics, Vol. 3 (ed. Whitaker, H. and Whitaker, H. A.), pp. 223255. Academic Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, L. J. (1980). Left-handedness: early theories, facts and fancies. In Neuropsychology of Left-Handedness (ed. Herron, J.), pp. 378. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Hecaen, H., de Agostini, M. & Monzon-Montes, A. (1981). Cerebral organisation in left-handers. Brain and Language 12, 261284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hecaen, H. & de Ajuriageurra, J. (1964). Left-Handedness: Manual Superiority and Cerebral Dominance. Grune and Stratton: New York.Google Scholar
Hecaen, H. & Albert, M. L. (1978). Human Neuropsychology. John Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Hecaen, H. & Piercy, M. (1956). Paroxysmal dysphasia and the problem ofcerebral dominance. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 19, 194201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, R. E., & Kinsbourne, M. (1976). Human handedness: a partial cross-fostering study. Science 192, 908910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hicks, R. E., & Kinsbourne, M. (1978). Human handedness. In Asymmetrical Function of the Brain (ed. Kinsbourne, M.), pp. 523549. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hubbard, J. I. (1971). Handedness is not a function of birth order. Nature 232, 276277.Google Scholar
Kreindler, A., Fradis, A. & Sevastopol, N. (1966). La repartition des dominances hemispheriques. Neuropsychologia 4, 143149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lake, D. A., & Bryden, M. P. (1976). Handedness and sex differences in hemispheric asymmetry. Brain and Language 3, 266282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lancet (1975). Editorial: Experts and amateurs in stroke therapy; ii, 859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Layton, W. M. (1976). Random determination of a developmental process: reversal of normal visceral asymmetry in the mouse. Journal of Heredity 67, 336338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leiber, L. & Axelrod, S. (1981). Intra-familial learning is only a minor factor in manifest handedness. Neuropsychologia 19, 273288.Google Scholar
Lesser, R. & Watt, M. (1978). Untrained community help in the rehabilitation of stroke sufferers with language disorder. British Medical Journal ii, 1045–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levita, E. (1978). Effects of speech therapy on aphasics’ responses to functional communication profile. Perceptual and Motor Skills 47, 151154.Google Scholar
Levy, J. (1976). Cerebral lateralisation and spatial ability. Behaviour Genetics 6, 171188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, J. (1977). A reply to Hudson regarding the Levy-Nagylaki model for the genetics of handedness. Neuropsychologia 15, 187190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, J. & Nagylaki, T. (1972). A model for the genetics of handedness. Genetics 72, 117128.Google Scholar
Lincoln, N. B., & Pickersgill, M. J. (1984). The effectiveness of programmed instruction with operant training in the language rehabilitation of severely aphasic patients. Behavioural Psychotherapy 12, 237248.Google Scholar
Lincoln, N. B., Pickersgill, M. J., Hankey, A. I. & Hilton, C. R. (1982). An evaluation of operant training and speech therapy in the language rehabilitation of moderate aphasics. Behavioural Psychotherapy 10, 162178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lincoln, N. B., McGuirk, E., Mulley, G. P., Lendrem, W., Jones, A. C. & Mitchell, J. R. A. (1984). Effectiveness of speech therapy for aphasic stroke patients. Lancet i, 1197–1200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lishman, W. A., & McMeekan, E. R. L. (1976). Hand preference patterns in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 158166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lishman, W. A., & McMeekan, E. R. L. (1977). Handedness in relation to direction and degree of cerebral dominance for language. Cortex 13, 3043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loehlin, J. C., & Nichols, R. C. (1976) Heredity, Environment and Personality: A Study of 850 Sets of Twins. University of Texas Press: Austin.Google Scholar
Lowe, C. R. & McKeown, T. (1953). An investigation of dextro-cardia with and without transposition of abdominal viscera, with a report of a case in one monozygotic twin. Annals of Eugenics 18, 267277.Google Scholar
Lynn, W. G. (1946). Situs inversus viscerum in conjoined twins of the brook trout. Journal of Morphology 79, 129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (1980). Hand preference and components of IQ. Annals of Human Biology 7, 235 248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (1981). Hand preference and personality traits. Cortex 17, 319322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N., & Gibson, J. B. (1978). Social mobility and IQ components. Journal of Bisocial Sciences 5, 1730.Google Scholar
Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N., & Gibson, J. B. (1979). Assortative marriage and IQ components. Annals of Human Biology 6, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGee, M. G., & Cozad, T. (1980). Population genetic analysis of human hand preference: evidence for generation differences, familial resemblances and maternal effects. Behaviour Genetics 10, 263275.Google Scholar
McGlone, J. & Davidson, W. (1973). The relationship between cerebral speech laterality and spatial ability with special reference to sex and hand preference. Neuropsychologia 11, 105113.Google Scholar
McKeever, W. F., & Van Deventer, A. D. (1977). Visual and auditory language processing asymmetries: influence of handedness, familial sinistrality and sex. Cortex 13, 225 241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, I. C. (1979). Determinants of laterality in man. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis: University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
McManus, I. C. (1980). Handedness in twins: a critical review. Neuropsychologia 18, 347355.Google Scholar
McManus, I. C. (1983a). The interpretation oflaterality. Cortex 19, 187214.Google Scholar
McManus, I. C. (19836). Pathological left-handedness: does it exist? Journal of Communication Disorders 16, 315344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, I. C. (1985). Right- and left-hand skill: failure of the right-shift model. British Journal of Psychology 76, 116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, I. C., & Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (1979). Hand-clasping and arm-folding: a review and a genetic model. Annals of Human Biology 6, 527558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meikle, M., Wechsler, E., Tupper, A., Benenson, M., Butler, J., Mulhall, D. & Stern, G. (1979). Comparative trial of volunteer and professional treatments of dysphasia after stroke. British Medical Journal ii, 87–89.Google Scholar
Melnick, M. & Shields, E. D. (1976). Allelic restriction: a biological alternative to multifactorial threshold inheritance. Lancet i, 178–179.Google Scholar
Merrell, D. J. (1957). Dominance of eye and hand. Human Biology 29, 314328.Google Scholar
Milner, B. (1975). Hemispheric specialisation: scope and limits. In The Neurosciences. Third Study Program (ed. Schmitt, F. O. and Worden, F. G.), pp. 7589. MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Milner, B., Branch, C. & Rasmussen, T. (1964). Observations on cerebral dominance. In Disorders of Language (ed. de Reuck, A. V. S., and O’Connor, M.) pp. 200214. CIBA Foundation Symposium, Churchill: London.Google Scholar
vonMonakow, C. (1914). Die Lokalisationim Grosshirnundder Abbau der Funcktion durch kortikale Herde. J. F. Bergmann: Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
For translation see Harris, G. (1969). Diaschisis. In Brain and Behaviour, Vol. 1: Mood, States and Mind (ed. Pribram, K.), pp. 2736. Penguin: Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Morgan, M. J. (1976). Embryology and inheritance of asymmetry. In Lateralisation in the Nervous System (ed. Hamad, S. R., Doty, R. W., Goldstein, L., Jaynes, J. and Krauthaner, G.), pp. 173194. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Nagylaki, T. & Levy, J. (1973). The sound of one paw clapping is not sound. Behaviour Genetics 3, 298 303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naumann, B. (1955). Afasi vid tumor cerebri och dess postoperative prognos. Nordisk Medicia 53, 681 684.Google Scholar
Newcombe, F. (1979). Paper presented to a meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society at Dubrovnik (July).Google Scholar
Newcombe, F. & Ratcliffe, G. (1973). Handedness, speech lateralisation and ability. Neuropsychologia 11, 399407.Google Scholar
Newman, H. H. (1925). An experimental analysis of asymmetry in the starfish, Patiria miniata Biological Bulletin 49, 111138.Google Scholar
Newman, H. H. (1940). Multiple Human Births. Doubleday, Doran and Co.: New York.Google Scholar
Newman, H. H., Freeman, F. N. & Holzinger, K. H. (1937). Twins, a Study of Heredity and Environment. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. & Roberts, L. (1959). Speech and Brain Mechanisms. Princeton University Press: New Jersey.Google Scholar
Pizzamiglio, L., de Pascalis, C. & Vignati, A. (1974). Stability of dichotic listening test. Cortex 10, 203305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pratt, R. T. C., & Warrington, E. K. (1972). The assessment of cerebral dominance with unilateral ECT. British Journal of Psychiatry 121, 327328.Google Scholar
Ramaley, F. (1913). Inheritance of left-handedness. American Naturalist 47, 730738.Google Scholar
Riese, W. (1970). Cerebral dominance: its origin, its history and its nature. Clio Medica 5, 319 326.Google Scholar
Rife, D. C. (1940). Handedness, with special reference to twins. Genetics 25, 178186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rife, D. C. (1950). Application of gene frequency analysis to the interpretation of data from twins. Human Biology 22, 136145.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R. (1979). The ‘File-Drawer Problem’ and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin 86, 638641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, R. & Bigelow, L. B (1972). Quantitative brain measurements in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 121, 259264.Google Scholar
Ruud, G. & Spemann, H. (1923). Die Entwicklung isolierter dorsaler… Wilhelm Roux Archiv fur Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen 52, 95166.Google Scholar
Sadowsky, G. & Reeves, A. G. (1975). Agenesis of the corpus callosum with hypothermia. Archives of Neurology 32, 774776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarno, M. T., Silverman, M. G. & Sands, E. S. (1970). Speech therapy and language recovery in severe aphasia. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 13, 607623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satz, P. (1972). Pathological left-handedness: an explanatory model. Cortex 8, 121135.Google Scholar
Satz, P., Achenbach, K. & Fennel, E. (1967). Correlations between assessed manual laterality and predicted speech laterality in a normal population. Neuropsychologia 5, 295310.Google Scholar
Shehenfelt, R. C. (1974). Morphogenesis of malformations in hamsters caused by retinoic acid. Teratology 5, 103118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, M. I., & Doyle, W. J. (1975). Stress and fluctuating limb asymmetry in various species of rodents. Growth 39, 363369.Google ScholarPubMed
Siegel, M. I., Doyle, W. J. & Kelley, C. (1977). Heat stress, fluctuating asymmetry and pre-natal selection in the laboratory rat. American Journal of Physica I Anthropology 46, 121126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, M. I., & Smookler, J. H. (1973). Fluctuating asymmetry and audiogenic stress. Growth 37, 3539.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, C. A. B. (1976). The use of matrices in calculating mendelian probabilities. Annals of Human Genetics 40, 3754.Google Scholar
Spemann, H. & Falkenberg, H. (1919). Ober asymmetrische Entwicklung und situs inversus viscerum bei Zwillingen und Doppelbildungen. Wilhelm Roux Archivfur Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen 45, 371.Google Scholar
Springer, S. P., & Searleman, A. (1978). Laterality in twins: the relationship between handedness and hemispheric asymmetry for speech. Behaviour Genetics 8, 349357.Google Scholar
Springer, S. P., & Searleman, A. (1980). Left-handedness in twins: implications for the mechanisms underlying cerebral asymmetries of function. In Neuropsychotogy ofLeft-Handedness (ed. Herron, J.), pp. 139158. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Stocks, P. (1933). A biometric investigation of twins and their brothers and sisters. Annals of Eugenics 5, 155.Google Scholar
Subirana, A. (1958). The prognosis of aphasia in relation to cerebral dominance and handedness. Brain 81, 415425.Google Scholar
Subirana, A. (1969). Handedness and cerebral dominance. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 4 (ed. Vinken, P. J. and Bruyn, G. W.), pp. 248273. North-Holland: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Thyss, J. (1946). Etude bibliographique et critique du probleme des gaucheurs. Paris M.D. thesis (unpublished). Cited by Zazzo (1960).Google Scholar
Tihen, J. A., Charles, D. R. & Sippel, T. D. (1948). Inherited visceral inversion in mice. Journal of Heredity 39, 2931.Google Scholar
Trankell, A. (1955). Aspects of genetics in psychology. American Journal of Human Genetics 7, 264276.Google ScholarPubMed
Waddington, C. H. (1957). The Strategy of the Genes. Allen and Unwin: London.Google Scholar
Warrington, E. K., & Pratt, R. T. C. (1973). Language laterality in left-handers assessed by unilateral ECT. Neuropsychologia 11, 423–28.Google Scholar
Warrington, E. K., & Pratt, R. T. C. (1981). The significance of laterality effects. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 44, 193196.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. G., Jordan, H. C. & Brent, R. C. (1953). Effects of irradiation on embryonic development. II. X-rays on the ninth day of gestation in the rat. American Journal ofAnatomy 92, 153157.Google Scholar
Wilson, P. T., & Jones, H. E. (1932). Left-handedness in twins. Genetics 17, 560572.Google Scholar
Wood, T. B. (1905). Notes on the inheritance of horn s and face-colour in the sheep. Journal of the Agricultural Society 1, 364.Google Scholar
Zangwill, O. L. (1960). Cerebral Dominance and its Relation to Psychological Function. Oliver and Boyd: London.Google Scholar
Zazzo, R. (1960). Les Jumeaux: le Couple et la Personne. Presses Universitaires de France: Paris.Google Scholar
Zurif, E. B., & Bryden, M. P. (1969). Familial handedness and left-right differences in auditory and visual perception. Neuropsychologial 7, 179187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar