Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ws8qp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T22:18:22.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Past, present, and the future: Discussions surrounding a new model of sleep-dependent learning and memory processing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2005

Matthew P. Walker*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215

Abstract

Following on from the target article, which presented a new model of procedural skill memory development, in this response I will reflect on issues raised by invited commentators and further expound attributes of the model. Discussion will focus on: evidence against sleep-dependent memory processing, definitions of memory stages and memory systems, and relationships between memory enhancement, sleep-stages, dreaming, circadian time, and sleep-disorders.

Type
Author’s Response
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, L. F. & Nelson, S. B. (2000) Synaptic plasticity: Taming the beast. Nature Neuroscience 3 (Suppl.):1178-83. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Abel, T. & Lattal, K. M. (2001) Molecular mechanisms of memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11(2):180-87. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Adams, D. (2002) The salmon of doubt. Harmony Books. [TLC]Google Scholar
Ahissar, M. & Hochstein, S. (1996) Learning pop-out detection: Specificities to stimulus characteristics. Vision Research 36:3487-500. [BRS]Google Scholar
Ahissar, M. & Hochstein, S. (1993) Task difficulty and the specificity of perceptual learning. Nature 387:401406. [BRS]Google Scholar
Ambrosini, M. V., Langella, M., Gironi Carnevale, U. A. & Giuditta, A. (1992) The sequential hypothesis of sleep function. III. The structure of postacquisition sleep in learning and nonlearning rats. Physiology and Behavior 51(2):217-26. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Amzica, F. & Steriade, M. (1995) Short- and long-range neuronal synchronization of the slow (<1 Hz) cortical oscillation. Journal of Neurophysiology 73(1):20-38. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Angus, W. R. & Romney, D. M. (1984) The effect of diazepam on patients’ memory. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 4:203-206. [MAP]Google Scholar
Antonini, A. & Stryker, M. P. (1993) Rapid remodeling of axonal arbors in the visual cortex. Science 260(5115):1819-21. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Ari-Even Roth, D., Amir, O., Alaluf, L., Buchsenspanner, S. & Kishon-Rabin, L. (2001) The effect of training on frequency discrimination: Generalization to untrained frequencies and to the untrained ear. Journal of Basic Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 14(2):137-50. [MK]Google Scholar
Ari-Even Roth, D., Kishon-Rabin, L. Hildesheimer, M. & Karni, A (in press) A latent consolidation phase in auditory identification learning: Time in the awake state is sufficient. Learning and Memory. [MK]Google Scholar
Aserinsky, E. & Kleitman, N. (1953) Regularly occurring periods of eye motility and concurrent phenomena during sleep. Science 118:273-74. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Aston-Jones, G. & Bloom, F. E. (1981) Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle. Journal of Neuroscience 1(8):876-86. [GT, aMPW]Google Scholar
Atienza, M., Cantero, J. L. & Dominguez-Marin, E. (2002) The time course of neural changes underlying auditory perceptual learning. Learning and Memory 9(3):138-50. [MA, aMPW]Google Scholar
Atienza, M., Cantero, J. L. & Stickgold, R. (2004) Posttraining sleep enhances automaticity in perceptual discrimination. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16:53-64. [MA, aMPW]Google Scholar
Attwell, D. & Laughlin, S. B. (2001) An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 21(10):1133-45. [GT]Google Scholar
Aubert, A., Vega, C., Dantzer, R. & Goodall, G. (1995) Pyrogens specifically disrupt the acquisition of a task involving cognitive processsing in the rat. Brain, Behavior and Immunity 9:129-48. [JDP]Google Scholar
Barr, D. S., Lambert, N. A., Hoyt, K. L., Moore, S. D. & Wilson, W. A. (1995) Induction and reversal of long-term potentiation by low- and high-intensity theta pattern stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience 15(7, Pt 2):5402-10. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Batocchi, A. P., Della Marca, G., Mirabella, M., Caggiula, M., Frisullo, G., Mennuni, G. F. & Tonali, P. A. (2001) Relapsing-remitting autoimmune agrypnia. Annals of Neurology 50:668-71. [MAP]Google Scholar
Beaulieu, I. & Godbout, R. (2000) Spatial learning on the Morris Water Maze Test after a short-term paradoxical sleep deprivation in the rat. Brain and Cognition 43(1-3):27-31. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Beckerman, M. (1998) Cooperativity and parallelism in mathematical models of brain function. SIAM News 31(5):5-10. [Available at: http://www.siam.org/ siamnews/06-98/brain.pdf] [TLC]Google Scholar
Benington, J. H. & Frank, M. G. (2003) Cellular and molecular connections between sleep and synaptic plasticity. Progress in Neurobiology 69(2):71-101. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Benson, K. & Feinberg, J. (1977) The beneficial effect of sleep in an extended Jenkins and Dallenbach paradigm. Psychophysiology 14:375-84. [AC]Google Scholar
Bliwise, D. L. (1993) Sleep in normal aging and dementia. Sleep 16:40-81. [MS]Google Scholar
Bloch, V (1970) Facts and hypotheses concerning memory consolidation processes. Brain Research 24:561-75. [AC]Google Scholar
Borbely, A. A. (1982) A two process model of sleep regulation. Human Neurobiology 1(3):195-204. [LAF]Google Scholar
Borbely, A. A. (1999) From slow waves to sleep homeostasis: new perspectives. Archives Italiennes de Biologie 139(1-2):53-61. [GT]Google Scholar
Bramham, C. R. (1998) Phasic boosting of medial perforant path-evoked granule cell output time-locked to spontaneous dentate EEG spikes in awake rats. Journal of Neurophysiology 79:2825-32. [CRB]Google Scholar
Bramham, C. R., Maho, C. & Laroche, S. (1994) Suppression of long-term potentiation induction during alert wakefulness but not during “enhanced” REM sleep after avoidance learning. Neuroscience 59:501-509. [CRB]Google Scholar
Bramham, C. R. & Srebro, B. (1989) Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus is modulated by behavioral state. Brain Research 493:74-86. [CRB]Google Scholar
Brashers-Krug, T., Shadmehr, R. & Bizzi, E. (1996) Consolidation in human motor memory. Nature 382(6588):252-55. [ND, MK, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Braun, A. R., Balkin, T. J., Wesensten, N. J., Carson, R. E., Varga, M., Baldwin, P., Selbie, S., Belenky, G. & Herscovitch, P. (1997) Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H215O PET study. Brain 120(7):1173-97. [RG, GT, arMPW]Google Scholar
Braun, A. R., Balkin, T. J., Wesensten, N. J., Gwadry, F., Carson, R. E., Varga, M., Baldwin, P., Belenky, G. & Herscovitch, P. (1998) Dissociated pattern of activity in visual cortices and their projections during human rapid eye movement sleep. Science 279(5347):91-95. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Braunewell, K. H. & Manahan-Vaughan, D. (2001) Long-term depression: A cellular basis for learning? Reviews in the Neurosciences 12(2):121-40. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Breger, L. (1967) The function of dreams. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 72:128. [Monograph Pt. 2, Whole No. 641]. [RG]Google Scholar
Brocher, S., Artola, A. & Singer, W. (1992) Agonists of cholinergic and noradrenergic receptors facilitate synergistically the induction of long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex. Brain Research 573(1):27-36. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Brown, M. W. & Xiang, J. Z. (1998) Recognition memory: Neuronal substrates of the judgement of prior occurrence. Progress in Neurobiology 55:149-89. [BRS]Google Scholar
Brusa, L., Bassi, A., Stefani, A., Pierantozzi, M., Peppe, A., Caramia, M. D., Boffa, L., Ruggieri, S. & Stanzione, P. (2003) Pramipexole in comparison to L-dopa: A neuropsychological study. Journal of Neural Transmission 110:373-80. [MAP]Google Scholar
Buchegger, J. & Meier-Koll, A. (1988) Motor learning and ultradian sleep cycle: An electroencephalographic study of trampoliners. Perceptual and Mo-tor Skills 67(2):635-45. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Buonomano, D. V & Merzenich, M. M. (1998) Cortical plasticity: From synapses to maps. Annual Review of Neuroscience 21:149-86. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Butefisch, C. M., Davis, B. C., Wise, S. P., Sawaki, L., Kopylev, L., Classen, J. & Cohen, L. G. (2000) Mechanisms of use-dependent plasticity in the human motor cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97(7):3661-65. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Buzsaki, G. (1989) Two-stage model of memory trace formation: A role for “noisy” brain states. Neuroscience 31:551-70. [CRB]Google Scholar
Buzsaki, G. (1994) Memory consolidation during sleep: A neurophysiological perspective. Journal of Sleep Research 7(Suppl. 1):17-23. [ND, JAG, arMPW]Google Scholar
Cajochen, C., Brunner, D. P., Krauchi, K., Graw, P. & Wirz-Justice, A. (1995) Power density in theta/alpha frequencies of the waking EEG progressively increases during sustained wakefulness. Sleep 18(10):890-94. [GT]Google Scholar
Callaway, C. W., Lydic, R., Baghdoyan, H. A. & Hobson, J. A. (1987) Pontogeniculooccipital waves: Spontaneous visual system activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 7(2):105-49. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Cameron, J. R. (1988) A proposed model for imagination and creativity. Wisconsin Academy Review 34(3):33-36. [Available at: http://www.medphysics.wisc.edu/%7Ejrc/imagination.htm] [TLC]Google Scholar
Campbell, S. S. & Tobler, I. (1984) Animal sleep: A review of sleep duration across phylogeny. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 8:269-300. [MAP]Google Scholar
Cartwright, R. (1986) Affect and dream work from an information processing point of view. Journal of Mind and Behavior 7:411-27. [RG]Google Scholar
Caselli, R. J., Reiman, E. M., Hentz, J. G., Osborne, D., Alexander, G. E. & Boeve, B. F. (2002) A distinctive interaction between memory and chronic daytime somnolence in asymptomatic APOE e4 homozygotes. Sleep 25:44753. [MAP]Google Scholar
Cavallaro, S., D’Agata, V., Manickam, P., Dufour, F. & Alkon, D. L. (2002) Memory-specific temporal profiles of gene expression in the hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99(25):16279-84. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Chase, M. H. & Morales, F. R. (1990) The atonia and myoclonia of active (REM) sleep. Annual Review of Psychology 41:557-84. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Cheek, T. R. (1989) Spatial aspects of calcium signaling. Journal of Cell Science 93:211-16. [JFP]Google Scholar
Cheour, M., Ceponiene, R., Leppanen, P., Alho, K., Kujala, T., Renlund, M., Fellman, V. & Naatanen, R. (2002a) The auditory sensory memory trace decays rapidly in newborns. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 43:33-39. [MAP]Google Scholar
Cheour, M., Martynova, O., Naatanen, R., Erkkola, R., Sillanpaa, M., Kero, P., Raz, A., Kaipio, M. L., Hiltunen, J., Aaltonen, O., Savela, J. & Hamalainen, H. (2002b) Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns. Nature 415(6872):599-600. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Chernik, D. A. (1972) Effect of REM sleep deprivation on learning and recall by humans. Perceptual and Mo-tor Skills 34(1):283-94. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Christakos, C. N. (1986) The mathematical basis of population rhythms in nervous and neuromuscular systems. International Journal of Neuroscience 29:103107. [JFP]Google Scholar
Cipolli, C., Bolzani, R., Tuozzi, G. & Fagioli, I. (2001) Active processing of declarative knowledge during REM-sleep dreaming. Journal of Sleep Research 10(4):277-84. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Cipolli, C., Cicogna, P. C., Mattarozzi, K., Mazzetti, M., Natale, V. & Occhionero, M. (2003) Continuity of the processing of declarative knowledge during human sleep: Evidence from interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences. Neuroscience Letters 342(3):147-50. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Cipolli, C. & Salzarulo, P. (1980) Sentence memory and sleep: A pilot study. Sleep 2(2):193-98. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C., Gutierrez, C. M. & Tononi, G. (2004a) Extensive and divergent effects of sleep and wakefulness on brain gene expression. Neuron 41(1):35-43. [GT]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C., Huber, R., Gopalakrishnan, A., Southard, T. & Tononi, G. (2004b) The noradrenergic system in sleep and wakefulness. II: Regulation of slow wave homeostasis. Sleep 27:38. [GT]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C., Pompeiano, M. & Tononi, G. (1996) Neuronal gene expression in the waking state: a role for the locus coeruleus. Science 274(5290):1211-15. [GT]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C. & Tononi, G. (1998) Differences in gene expression between sleep and waking as revealed by mRNA differential display. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 56(1-2):293-305. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C. & Tononi, G. (2000a) Differential expression of plasticity-related genes in waking and sleep and their regulation by the noradrenergic system. Journal of Neuroscience 20(24):9187-94. [GT, aMPW]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C. & Tononi, G. (2000b) Gene expression in the brain across the sleep-waking cycle. Brain Research 885(2):303-21. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Cirelli, C. & Tononi, G. (2002) Locus ceruleus control of state-dependent gene expression. Journal of Neuroscience 24:5410-19. [GT]Google Scholar
Coenen, A. M. & Drinkenburg, W. H. (2002) Animal models for information processing during sleep. International Journal of Psychophysiology 46(3):163-75. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Contreras, D., Destexhe, A. & Steriade, M. (1997) Intracellular and computational characterization of the intracortical inhibitory control of synchronized thalamic inputs in vivo. Journal of Neurophysiology 78(1):335-50. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Corkin, S. (1968) Acquisition of motor skill after bilateral medial temporal-lobe excision. Neuropsychologia 6:255-65. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Crick, F. & Mitchison, G. (1983) The function of dream sleep. Nature 304(5922):111-14. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Curran, H. V., Pooviboonsuk, P., Dalton, J. A. & Lader, M. H. (1998) Differentiating the effects of centrally acting drugs on arousal and memory: An event-related potential study of scopolamine, lorazepam and diphenhydramine. Psychopharmacology 135:27-36. [MAP]Google Scholar
Datta, S. (1997) Cellular basis of pontine ponto-geniculo-occipital wave generation and modulation. Cellular and Molecular Biology 17(3):341-65. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Datta, S. (1998) Avoidance task training potentiates phasic pontine-wave density in the rat: A mechanism for sleep-dependent plasticity. Journal of Neuroscience 20(22):8607-13. [arMPW]Google Scholar
Datta, S., Mavanji, V., Ulloor, J. & Patterson, E. H. (2004) Activation of phasic pontine-wave generator prevents rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced learning impairment in the rat: A mechanism for sleep-dependent plasticity. Journal of Neuroscience 24(6):1416-27. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Dave, A. S. & Margoliash, D. (2000) Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning. Science 290(5492):812-16. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Dave, A. S., Yu, A. C. & Margoliash, D. (1998) Behavioral state modulation of auditory activity in a vocal motor system. Science 282(5397):2250-54. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Daw, N. W., Sato, H., Fox, K., Carmichael, T. & Gingerich, R. (1991) Cortisol reduces plasticity in the kitten visual cortex. Journal of Neurobiology 22(2):158-68. [aMPW]Google Scholar
De Gennaro, L., Ferrara, M. & Bertini, M. (2000) Topographical distribution of spindles: variations between and within NREM sleep cycles. Sleep Research Online 3(4):155-60. [aMPW]Google Scholar
De Koninck, J., Christ, G., Rinfret, N. & Proulx, G. (1988) Dreams during language learning: When and how is the new language integrated. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa 13:72-74. [MS]Google Scholar
De Koninck, J., Lorrain, D., Christ, G., Proulx, G. & Coulombe, D. (1989) Intensive language learning and increases in rapid eye movement sleep: Evidence of a performance factor. International Journal of Psychophysiology 8(1):43-47. [aMPW]Google Scholar
De Koninck, J. & Prevost, F. (1991) Le sommeil paradoxal et le traitement de l’information: Une exploration par l’inversion du champ visuel. [Paradoxical sleep and information processing: Exploration by inversion of the visual field.] Canadian Journal of Psychology 45:125-39. [JMS]Google Scholar
De Koninck, J., Prevost, F. & Lortie-Lussier, M. (1996) Vertical inversion of the visual field and REM sleep mentation. Journal of Sleep Research 5:16-20. [MS]Google Scholar
de Mendonca, A. & Ribeiro, J. A. (1997) Adenosine and neuronal plasticity. Life Sciences 60(4-5):245-51. [JDP]Google Scholar
Denny, L. M. (1951) The shape of the post-rest performance curve for the continuous rotary pursuit task. Mo-tor Skills Research Exchange 3:103-105. [aMPW]Google Scholar
deQuervain, D. J. F., Roozendaal, B., Nitsch, R. M., McGaugh, J. L. & Hock, C. (2000) Acute cortisone administration impairs retrieval of long-term declarative memory in humans. Nature Neuroscience 3:313-14. [JDP]Google Scholar
Desai, N. S., Cudmore, R. H., Nelson, S. B. & Turrigiano, G. G. (2002) Critical periods for experience-dependent synaptic scaling in visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience 5(8):783-89. [GT]Google Scholar
Desimone, R. (1996) Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their role in attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93(24):13494-99. [BRS]Google Scholar
Dewan, E. (1970) The programming (P) hypothesis of dreaming. In: Sleep and dreaming, ed. Hartmann, E., pp. 295-307. Little, Brown. [RG]Google Scholar
Dienes, Z. & Perner, J. (1999) A theory of implicit and explicit knowledge. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22(5):735-55; discussion 755-808. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Dijk, D. J. & Czeisler, C. A. (1995) Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans. Journal of Neuroscience 15:3526-38. [JAG]Google Scholar
Domhoff, G. W. (2003) The scientific study of dreams: Neural networks, cognitive development, and content analysis. American Psychological Association. [JFP]Google Scholar
Donchin, O., Sawaki, L., Madupu, G., Cohen, L. G. & Shadmehr, R. (2002) Mechanisms influencing acquisition and recall of motor memories. Journal of Neurophysiology 88(4):2114-23. [MA, LAF, RPV, rMPW]Google Scholar
Dorrichi, F., Guariglia, C., Paolucci, S. & Pizzamiglio, L. (1993) Disturbances of the rapid eye movements (REMs) of REM sleep in patients with unilateral attentional neglect: Clue for the understanding of the functional meaning of REMs. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 87(3):105-16. [RG]Google Scholar
Doyon, J., Penhune, V. & Ungerleider, L. G. (2003) Distinct contribution of the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems to motor skill learning. Neuropsychologia 41(3):252-62. [JD, MK, rMPW]Google Scholar
Doyon, J., Song, A. W., Karni, A., Lalonde, F., Adams, M. M. & Ungerleider, L. G. (2000) Experience-dependent changes in cerebellar contributions to motor sequence learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:1017-22. [JD]Google Scholar
Doyon, J. & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002) Functional anatomy of motor skill learning. In: Neuropsychology of memory, ed. Squire, L. R & Schacter, D. L.. Guilford. [JD]Google Scholar
Driskell, J. E., Copper, C. & Moran, A. (1994) Does mental practice enhance performance? Journal of Applied Psychology 79:481-92. [MS]Google Scholar
Dudai, Y. (2004) The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram? Annual Review of Psychology 55:51-86. [MK]Google Scholar
Dumay, N., Gaskell, M. G. & Feng, X. (2004) A day in the life of a spoken word. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, eds. K. Forbus, D. Gentner, & Regier, T., pp. 339-44. Erlbaum. [ND]Google Scholar
Edelman, G. M. & Tononi, G. (2000) A universe of consciousness. Basic Books. [BRS]Google Scholar
Eichenbaum, H. (1999) The hippocampus and mechanisms of declarative memory. Behavioural Brain Research 103:123-33. [JMS]Google Scholar
Eichenbaum, H. (2000) A cortical-hippocampal system for declarative memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1(1):41-50. [ND, aMPW]Google Scholar
Ekstrand, B. (1967) Effect of sleep on memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology 75:64-72. [AC]Google Scholar
El-Sherif, Y., Tesoriero, J., Hogan, M. V. & Wieraszko, A. (2003) Melatonin regulates neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience Research 72(4):454-60. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Empson, J. A. & Clarke, P. R. (1970) Rapid eye movements and remembering. Nature 227(255):287-88. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Erlacher, D., Schredl, M. & LaBerge, S. (2003) Motor area activation during dreamed hand clenching: A pilot study on EEG alpha band. Sleep and Hypnosis 5:182-87. [MS]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. & Frith, C. D. (1977) Reminiscence, motivation, and personality: A case study in experimental psychology. Plenum Press. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Farrar, W. L., Kilian, P L., Ruff, M. R., Hill, J. M. & Pert, C. B. (1987) Visualization and characterization of interleukin 1 receptors in brain. Journal of Immunology 139:459-63. [JDP]Google Scholar
Feig, S. & Lipton, P. (1993) Pairing the cholinergic agonist carbachol with patterned Schaffer collateral stimulation initiates protein synthesis in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites via a muscarinic, NMDA-dependent mechanism. Journal of Neuroscience 13:1010-21. [CRB]Google Scholar
Fenn, K. M., Nusbaum, H. C. & Margoliash, D. (2003) Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language. Nature 425(6958):614-16. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Finelli, L. A., Baumann, H., Borbely, A. A. & Achermann, P. (2000) Dual electroencephalogram markers of human sleep homeostasis: Correlation between theta activity in waking and slow-wave activity in sleep. Neuroscience 101:523-29. [LAF]Google Scholar
Finelli, L. A., Borbely, A. A. & Achermann, P. (2001) Functional topography of the human nonREM sleep electroencephalogram. European Journal of Neuroscience 13:2282-90. [LAF]Google Scholar
Fischer, S., Hallschmid, M., Elsner, A. L. & Born, J. (2002) Sleep forms memory for finger skills. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99(18): 11987-91. [JD, LAF, MK, PP, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Fischer-Perroudon, C., Mouret, J. & Jouvet, M. (1974) Case of agrypnia (4 months without sleep) in Morvan’s disease. Favorable action of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 36:1-18. [MAP]Google Scholar
Fishbein, W. (1971) Disruptive effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation on long-term memory. Physiology and Behavior 6:279-82. [RG]Google Scholar
Fishbein, W., Kastaniotis, C. & Chattman, D. (1974) Paradoxical sleep: Prolonged augmentation following learning. Brain Research 79(1):61-75. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Fleck, D. E., Shear, P. K., Zimmerman, M. E., Getz, G. E., Corey, K. B., Jak, A., Lebowitz, B. K. & Strakowski, S. M. (2003) Verbal memory in mania: Effects of clinical state and task requirements. Bipolar Disorders 5:375-80. [MAP]Google Scholar
Foehring, R. C. & Lorenzon, N. M. (1999) Neuromodulation, development and synaptic plasticity. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 53(1):45-61. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Fogel, S. M., Jacob, J. & Smith, C. T. (2001) Increased sleep spindle activity following simple motor procedural learning in humans. In: Proceedings of the Congress Physiological Basis for Sleep Medicine 7, p. 123. Actas de Fisiolog. [arMPW]Google Scholar
Fogel, S. M., Jacob, J. & Smith, C. T. (2001) The role of sleep spindles in simple motor procedural learning. Sleep 25 (Suppl.):A279-80. [CTS]Google Scholar
Frank, M. G., Issa, N. P. & Stryker, M. P. (2001) Sleep enhances plasticity in the developing visual cortex. Neuron 30(1):275-87. [GT, arMPW]Google Scholar
Frankenburg, W. K. & Dodds, J. (1992) The Denver II: A major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Pediatrics 89(1):91-97. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Frey, U. & Morris, R. G. (1998) Synaptic tagging: Implications for late maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Trends in Neuroscience 21(5):181-88. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Fulda, S. & Schulz, H. (2001) Cognitive dysfunction in sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews 5:423-45. [MS]Google Scholar
Gaab, N., Paetzold, M., Becker, M., Walker, M. P. & Schlaug, G. (2004) The influence of sleep on auditory learning - a behavioral study. NeuroReport 15(4):731-34. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Gagnon, S. Foster, J. K., Turcotte, J. & Jongenelis, S. (2004) Involvement of the hippocampus in implicit learning of supra-span sequences: The case of SJ. Cognitive Neuropsychology 21(8):867-82. [JKF]Google Scholar
Gais, S. & Born, J. (2004) Low acetylcholine during slow-wave sleep is critical for declarative memory consolidation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:2140-44. [MAP]Google Scholar
Gais, S., Plihal, W., Wagner, U. & Born, J. (2000) Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills. Nature Neuroscience 3(12):1335-39. [LAF, PP, BRS, JMS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Gallassi, R., Morreale, A., Montagna, P., Cortelli, P., Avoni, P., Castellani, R., Gambetti, P. & Lugaresi, E. (1996) Fatal familial insomnia: Behavioral and cognitive features. Neurology 46:935-39. [MAP]Google Scholar
Gaskell, M. G. & Dumay, N. (2003) Lexical competition and the acquisition of novel words. Cognition 89:105-32. [ND]Google Scholar
Gaskell, M. G. & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1997) Integrating form and meaning: A distributed model of speech perception. Language and Cognitive Processes 12:613-56. [ND]Google Scholar
Ghilardi, M., Ghez, C., Dhawan, V., Moeller, J., Mentis, M., Nakamura, T., Antonini, A. & Eidelberg, D. (2000) Patterns of regional brain activation associated with different forms of motor learning. Brain Research 871(1):127-45. [GT]Google Scholar
Gibertini, M., Newton, C., Friedman, H. & Klein, T. W. (1995) Spatial learning impairment in mice infected with Legionella pneumophila or administered exogenous interleukin-1-b. Brain, Behavior and Immunity 9:113-28. [JDP]Google Scholar
Gilbert, C. D., Sigman, M. & Crist, R. E. (2001) The neural basis of perceptual learning. Neuron 31:681-97. [MA]Google Scholar
Gilbert, C. D. & Wiesel, T. N. (1989) Columnar specificity of intrinsic horizontal and corticocortical connections in cat visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 9(7):2432-42. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Gilman, A. G. (1989) G proteins and the regulation of adenylyl cyclase. Journal of the American Medical Association 162:1819-25. [ JFP]Google Scholar
Giuditta, A., Ambrosini, M. V., Montagnese, P., Mandile, P., Cotugno, M., Zucconi, G. & Vescia, S. (1995) The sequential hypothesis on sleep function. Behavioural Brain Research 69:157-66. [AC, aMPW]Google Scholar
Glaubman, H., Orbach, I., Aviram, O., Frieder, I., Frieman, M., Pelled, O. & Glaubman, R. (1978) REM deprivation and divergent thinking. Psychophysiology 15:75-79. [RG]Google Scholar
Goedert, K. M. & Willingham, D. B. (2002) Patterns of interference in sequence learning and prism adaptation inconsistent with the consolidation hypothesis. Learning and Memory 9:279-92. [RPV]Google Scholar
Grace, J. B., Walker, M. P. & McKeith, I. G. (2000) A comparison of sleep profiles in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15:1028-33. [MAP]Google Scholar
Grafton, S. T., Hazeltine, E. & Ivry, R. B. (1998) Abstract and effector-specific representations of motor sequences identified with PET. Journal of Neuroscience 18(22):9420-28. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Graves, L., Pack, A. & Abel, T. (2001) Sleep and memory: a molecular perspective. Trends in Neuroscience 24(4):237-43. [MAP, aMPW]Google Scholar
Greenberg, R. (1966) Cerebral cortex lesions: The dream process and sleep spindles. Cortex 2:357-66. [RG]Google Scholar
Greenberg, R. (1970) Dreaming and memory. In: Sleep and dreaming, ed. Hartmann, E., pp. 258-68. Little, Brown. [RG]Google Scholar
Greenberg, R. & Pearlman, P. (1974) Cutting the REM nerve. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 17:513-21. [RG]Google Scholar
Greenberg, R. & Pearlman, P. (1988) An integrated approach to dream theory: Contributions from sleep research and clinical practice. In: The functions of dreaming, ed. Moffit, A., Kramer, M. & Hoffman, R.. State University of New York Press. [RG]Google Scholar
Greenberg, R. & Pearlman, P. (1995) The interpretation of dreams: A classic revisited. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 9:749-65. [RG]Google Scholar
Greenblatt, D. J. (1992) Pharmacology of benzodiazepine hypnotics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 53(Suppl):7-13. [MAP]Google Scholar
Grosvenor, A. & Lack, L. (1984) The effect of sleep before or after learning on memory. Sleep 7:155-67. [AC]Google Scholar
Gu, Q. (2002) Neuromodulatory transmitter systems in the cortex and their role in cortical plasticity. Neuroscience 111(4):815-35. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Guerrien, A., Dujardin, K., Mandai, O., Sockeel, P. & Leconte, P. (1989) Enhancement of memory by auditory stimulation during postlearning REM sleep in humans. Physiology and Behavior 45(5):947-50. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Harold, F. M. (1986) The vital force: A study of bioenergetics. Freeman. [JFP]Google Scholar
Hartley, D. (1801) Observations on Man, his frame, his deity, and his expectations (1749/1966). Scholars Facsimile Reprint. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (1970) The D-state and norepinephrine dependent systems. In: Sleep and dreaming, ed. Hartmann, E., pp. 308-28. Little, Brown. [RG]Google Scholar
Hasselmo, M. E. (1999) Neuromodulation: Acetylcholine and memory consolidation. Trends in Cognitive Science 3(9):351-59. [ND, arMPW]Google Scholar
Hauber, W. & Bareiss, A. (2001) Facilitative effects of an adenosine A1/A2 receptor blockade on spatial memory performance in rats: Selective enhancement of reference memory during the light period. Behavioural Brain Research 118:43-52. [JDP]Google Scholar
Hauser, R. A., Gauger, L., Anderson, W M. & Zesiewicz, T. A. (2000) Pramipexole-induced somnolence and episodes of daytime sleep. Movement Disorders 15:658-63. [MAP]Google Scholar
Havik, B., Rokke, H., Bardsen, K., Davanger, S., & Bramham, C. R. (2003) Bursts of high-frequency stimulation trigger rapid delivery of pre-existing alpha-CaMKII mRNA to synapses: A mechanism in dendritic protein synthesis during long-term potentiation in adult awake rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 17:2679-89. [CRB]Google Scholar
Hawkins, D. (1966) A review of psychoanalytic dream theory in the light of recent psychophysiologic studies of sleep and dreaming. British Journal of Medical Psychology 39:85-104. [RG]Google Scholar
Hayward, L. B., Mant, A., Eyland, E. A., Hewitt, H., Pond, C. D. & Saunders, N. A. (1992) Neuropsychological functioning and sleep patterns in the elderly. Medical Journal of Australia 157:51-52. [MAP]Google Scholar
Hebb, D. O. (1949) The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory. Wiley. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Hennevin, E. & Hars, B. (1987) Is increase in post-learning paradoxical sleep modified by cueing? Behavioral Brain Research 24(3):243-49. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Hennevin, E., Hars, B., Maho, C. & Bloch, V. (1995) Processing of learned information in paradoxical sleep: Relevance for memory. Behavioural Brain Research 69(1-2):125-35. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Hennevin, E. & Leconte, P. (1977) Etude des relations entre le sommeil paradoxal et les processus d’acquisition. Physiology and Behavior 18:307-19. [RG]Google Scholar
Herrera-Arellano, A., Luna-Villegas, G., Cuevas-Uriostegui, M. L., Alvarez, L., Vargas-Pineda, G., Zamilpa-Alvarez, A. & Tortoriello, J. (2001) Polysomnographic evaluation of the hypnotic effect of Valeriana edulis standardized extract in patients suffering from insomnia. Planta Medica 67:695-99. [MAP]Google Scholar
Herrmann, W. M. & Schaerer, E. (1986) Pharmaco-EEG: Computer EEG analysis to describe the projection of drug effects on a functional cerebral level in humans. In: Clinical application of computer analysis of EEG and other neurophysiological signals. Handbook of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Vol. 2, eds. F. H. Lopes da Silva, W. Strom von Leeuwen & Remond, A., pp. 385-445. Elsevier. [JFP]Google Scholar
Heynen, A. J., Yoon, B. J., Liu, C. H., Chung, H. J., Huganir, R. L. & Bear, M. F. (2002) Molecular mechanism for loss of visual cortical responsiveness following brief monocular deprivation. Nature Neuroscience 6(8):854-62. [GT]Google Scholar
Hill, S., Tonomi, G. (2005) Modeling sleep and wakefulness in the thalamocoritical system. Journal of Neurophysiology 93(3):1671-98. [GT]Google Scholar
Hikosaka, O., Nakahara, H., Rand, M. K., Sakai, K., Lu, X., Nakamura, K., Miyachi, S. & Doya, K. (1999) Parallel neural networks for learning sequential procedures. Trends in Neuroscience 22:464-71. [MK]Google Scholar
Hinton, G. E., Dayan, P, Brendan, J. F. & Radford, N. M. (1995) The “wake-sleep” algorithm for unsupervised neural networks. Science 268:1158-61. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Hinton, G. E. & Sejnowski, T. (1986) Learning and relearning in Boltzmann machines. In: Paraded distributed processing, vol. 1, ed. Rumelhart, D. E & McClelland, J. L., pp. 282-317. MIT Press. [TLC]Google Scholar
Hobson, J., McCarley, R. W. & Wyzinski, P W. (1975) Sleep cycle oscillation: Reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science 189:55-58. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Hobson, J. A., Pace-Schott, E. F. & Stickgold, R. (2000) Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23(6):793-842; discussion pp. 904-1121. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Hobson, J. A., Pace-Schott, E. F. & Stickgold, R. (2001) Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states. In: Sleep and dreaming: Scientific advances and reconsiderations, ed. Pace-Schott, E. F., Solms, M., Blagrove, M. & Harnad, S., pp. 1-50. Cambridge University Press. [RG]Google Scholar
Hodgkin, A. L. & Horowicz, P (1959) The influence of potassium and chloride ions on the membrane potential of single muscle fibers. Journal of Physiology 148:127-60. [JFP]Google Scholar
Hoffman, K. L. & McNaughton, B. L. (2002) Sleep on it: Cortical reorganization after-the-fact. Trends in Neuroscience 25(1):1-2. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Holland, H. C. (1963) Massed practice and reactivation inhibition, reminiscence and disinhibition in the spiral after effect. British Journal of Psychology 54:261-72. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Holscher, C. (1997) Nitric oxide, the enigmatic neuronal messenger: Its role in synaptic plasticity. Trends in Neuroscience 20(7):298-303. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Holscher, C., Anwyl, R. & Rowan, M. J. (1997) Stimulation on the positive phase of hippocampal theta rhythm induces long-term potentiation that can be depotentiated by stimulation on the negative phase in area CA1 in vivo. Journal of Neuroscience 17(16):6470-77. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Horne, J. A. (1988) Why we sleep: The functions of sleep in humans and other mammals. Oxford University Press. [BRS]Google Scholar
Hoshino, O. (2004) Neuronal bases of perceptual learning revealed by a synaptic balance scheme. Neural Computation 16:563-94.Google Scholar
Huber, R., Ghilardi, M. F., Massimini, M. & Tononi, G. (2004) Local sleep and learning. Nature 430(6995):78-81. [GT, rMPW]Google Scholar
Igaz, L. M., Vianna, M. R., Medina, J. H. & Izquierdo, I. (2002) Two time periods of hippocampal mRNA synthesis are required for memory consolidation of fear-motivated learning. Journal of Neuroscience 22(15):6781-89. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Imamizu, H., Miyauchi, S., Tamada, T., Sasaki, Y., Takino, R., Putz, B., Yoshioka, T. & Kawato, M. (2000) Human cerebellar activity reflecting an acquired internal model of a new tool. Nature 403:192-95. [JD]Google Scholar
Itil, T. M. (1981) The discovery of psychotrophic drugs by computer analyzed cerebral bioelectrical potentials (CEEG). Drug Development and Research 1:373-407. [JFP]Google Scholar
Jacobs, K. M. & Donoghue, J. P. (1991) Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections. Science 251(4996):944-47. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Jacobsen, F. M. & Comas-Diaz, L. (1999) Donepezil for psychotropic-induced memory loss. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60:698-704. [MAP]Google Scholar
James, W. (1890) The principles of psychology, vol. I. Holt. [BRS]Google Scholar
Jancke, L., Gaab, N., Wustenberg, T., Scheich, H. & Heinze, H. J. (2001) Shortterm functional plasticity in the human auditory cortex: an fMRI study. Brain Research Cognitive Brain Research 12(3):479-85. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Jean-Louis, G., von Gizycki, H. & Zizi, F. (1998) Melatonin effects on sleep, mood, and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Pineal Research 25:177-83. [MAP]Google Scholar
Jeannerod, M., Mouret, J. & Jouvet, M. (1965) Etude de la motricite oculaire au cours de la phase paradoxale du sommeil chez le chat. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 18:554-66. [RG]Google Scholar
Jenkins, J. G. & Dallenbach, K. M. (1924) Obliviscence during sleep and waking. American Journal of Psychology 35:605-12. [AC, aMPW]Google Scholar
John, E. R. & Swartz, E. L. (1978) The neurophysiology of information processing and cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 29:1-29. [JFP]Google Scholar
Joseph, J. S., Chun, M. M. & Nakayama, K. (1997) Attentional requirements in a “preattentive” feature search task. Nature 387(6,635):805-807. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Kametani, H. & Kawamura, H. (1990) Alterations in acetylcholine release in the rat hippocampus during sleep-wakefulness detected by intracerebral dialysis. Lfe Science 47(5):421-26. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Kandel, E. R. (1991) Cellular mechanisms of learning and the biological basis of individuality. In: Principles of neural science, 3rd edition, ed. Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessell, T. M., pp. 1009-31. Appleton & Lange. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Kandel, E. R. (1996) The brain and behavior. In: Principles of neural science, 4th edition, ed. Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessell, T. M., pp. 5-18. McGraw Hill. [JFP]Google Scholar
Kang, H. & Schuman, E. M. (1996) A requirement for local protein synthesis in neurotrophin-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Science 273:1402-406. [CRB]Google Scholar
Kang, H., Welcher, A. A., Shelton, D. & Schuman, E. M. (1997) Neurotrophins and time: different roles for TrkB signaling in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuron 19:653-64. [CRB]Google Scholar
Kanhema, T., Dagestad, G., Havik, B., Ying, S. W., Nairn, A. C., Sonenberg, N. & Bramham, C. R (submitted) BDNF regulates translation initiation and elongation in long-term synaptic plasticity and enhances dendritic a-CaMKII synthesis. [CRB]Google Scholar
Karashima, A., Nakamura, K., Sato, N., Nakao, M., Katayama, N. & Yamamoto, M. (2002) Phase-locking of spontaneous and elicited ponto-geniculo-occipital waves is associated with acceleration of hippocampal theta waves during rapid eye movement sleep in cats. Brain Research 958(2):347-58. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Karni, A. (1995) When practice makes perfect. Lancet 345:395. [RPV]Google Scholar
Karni, A. (1996) The acquisition of perceptual and motor skills: A memory system in the adult human cortex. Cognitive Brain Research 5:39-48. [MK]Google Scholar
Karni, A., Meyer, G., Jezzard, P., Adams, M. M., Turner, R. & Ungerleider, L. G. (1994) Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning. Nature 377(6545):155-58. [JD, LAF, aMPW]Google Scholar
Karni, A., Meyer, G., Rey-Hipolito, C., Jezzard, P., Adams, M. M., Turner, R. & Ungerleider, L. G. (1998) The acquisition of skilled motor performance: Fast and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95(3):861-68. [JD, MK, aMPW]Google Scholar
Karni, A. & Sagi, D. (1991) Where practice makes perfect in texture discrimination: Evidence for primary visual cortex plasticity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88(11):4966-70. [MA, BRS]Google Scholar
Karni, A. & Sagi, D. (1993) The time course of learning a visual skill. Nature 365(6443):250-52. [JD, MK, RPV, aMPW]Google Scholar
Karni, A., Tanne, D., Rubenstein, B. S., Askenasy, J. J. & Sagi, D. (1994) Dependence on REM sleep of overnight improvement of a perceptual skill. Science 265(5172):679-82. [AC, JD, ND, MK, JDP, MS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Kass, J. H. (2000) The reorganization of sensory and motor maps after injury in adult mammals. In: The new cognitive neurosciences, 2nd edition, ed. Gazzaniga, M. S., pp. 223-37. MIT Press. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Kattler, H., Dijk, D. J. & Borbely, A. A. (1994) Effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation prior to sleep on the sleep EEG in humans. Journal of Sleep Research 3:159-64. [BRS]Google Scholar
Kawato, M., Furukawa, K. & Suzuki, R. (1987) A hierarchical neural-network model for control and learning of voluntary movement. Biological Cybernetics 57:169-85. [LAF]Google Scholar
Kemp, N. & Bashir, Z. I. (2001) Long-term depression: A cascade of induction and expression mechanisms. Progress in Neurobiology 65(4):339-65. [GT, aMPW]Google Scholar
Kirkwood, A., Rozas, C., Kirkwood, J., Perez, F. & Bear, M. F. (1999) Modulation of long-term synaptic depression in visual cortex by acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Journal of Neuroscience 19(5):1599-609. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Kolers, P. A. & Perkins, D. N. (1975) Spatial and ordinal components of form perception and literacy. Cognitive Psychology 7:228-67. [JAG]Google Scholar
Kolers, P. A. & Roediger, H. L. (1984) Procedures of mind. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 23:425-49. [ JAG]Google Scholar
Korman, M., Raz, N., Flash, T. & Karni, A. (2003) Multiple shifts in the representation of a motor sequence during the acquisition of skilled performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100(21):12492-97. [MA, MK, rMPW]Google Scholar
Kourrich, S. & Chapman, C. A. (2003) NMDA receptor-dependent long-term synaptic depression in the entorhinal cortex in vitro. Journal of Neurophysiology 89(4):2112-19. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Krakauer, J. W., Ghilardi, M. F. & Ghez, C. (1999) Independent learning of internal models for kinematic and dynamic control of reaching. Nature Neuroscience 2(11):1026-31. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Krebs, E. G. (1989) Role of the cycle AMP-dependent protein kinase in signal transduction. Journal of the American Medical Association 262:1815-18. [JFP]Google Scholar
Kushikata, T., Fang, J. & Krueger, J. M. (1999) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances spontaneous sleep in rats and rabbits. American Journal of Physiology 276(5, Pt 2):R1334-38. [JDP]Google Scholar
LaBerge, S. P. & Rheingold, H. (1990) Exploring the world of lucid dreaming. Ballentine. [MS]Google Scholar
Lamprecht, R. & LeDoux, J. (2004) Structural plasticity and memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5(1):45-54. [HSP, rMPW]Google Scholar
Landolt, H. P. & de Boer, L. P. (2001) Effect of chronic phenelzine treatment on REM sleep: Report of three patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 25(Suppl. 5):S63-67. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Landolt, H. P., Raimo, E. B., Schnierow, B. J., Kelsoe, J. R., Rapaport, M. H. & Gillin, J. C. (2001) Sleep and sleep electroencephalogram in depressed patients treated with phenelzine. Archives of General Psychiatry 58(3):268-76. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Landtblom, A. M., Dige, N., Schwerdt, K., Safstrom, P. & Granerus, G. (2003) Short-term memory dysfunction in Kleine-Levin syndrome. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 108:363-67. [MAP]Google Scholar
Laureys, S., Peigneux, P., Perrin, F. & Maquet, P. (2002) Sleep and motor skill learning. Neuron 35:5-7. [JAG]Google Scholar
Lavie, P., Pratt, H., Scharf, B., Peled, R. & Brown, J. (1984) Localized pontine lesion: Nearly total absence of REM sleep. Neurology 34:118-20. [JMS]Google Scholar
Le Greves, M., Steensland, P., Le Greves, P. & Nyberg, F. (2002) Growth hormone induces age-dependent alteration in the expression of hippocampal growth hormone receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits gene transcripts in male rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 99(10):7119-23. [JDP]Google Scholar
Lee, A. K. & Wilson, M. A. (2002) Memory of sequential experience in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep. Neuron 36:1183-94. [JMS]Google Scholar
Lee, H. J., Kim, L. & Suh, K. Y. (2003) Cognitive deterioration and changes of P300 during total sleep deprivation. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 57:490-96. [MAP]Google Scholar
Leonard, B. J., Mcnaughton, B. L. & Barnes, C. A. (1987) Suppression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity during slow-wave sleep. Brain Research 425:174-77. [CRB]Google Scholar
Lewin, I. & Glaubman, H. (1975) The effect of REM deprivation: Is it detrimental, beneficial, or neutral? Psychophysiology 12(3):349-53. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Lisman, J. (1989) A mechanism for the Hebb and the anti-Hebb processes underlying learning and memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86(23):9574-78. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Llinas, R. & Ribary, U. (1993) Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90(5):2078-81. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Logan, G. D. (1988) Toward an instance theory of automatization. Psychological Review 95:492-527. [JAG]Google Scholar
Logan, G. D. (2002) An instance theory of attention and memory. Psychological Review 109:376-400. [JAG]Google Scholar
Louie, K. & Wilson, M. A. (2001) Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron 29(1):145-56. [JMS, aMPW]Google Scholar
Louis, J., Cannard, C., Bastuji, H. & Challamel, M.-J. (1997) Sleep ontogenesis revisited: A longitudinal 24-hour home polygraphic study on 15 normal infants during the first two years of life. Sleep 20(5):323-33. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Luce, P. A. & Pisoni, D. B. (1998) Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model. Ear and Hearing 19:1-36. [ND]Google Scholar
Lydic, R. & Baghdoyan, H. A. (1988) Handbook of behavioral state control: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. CRC Press. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Malhotra, G. (2003) Role of content in solving the binding problem in working memory. Doctoral dissertation, University of Edinburgh School of Informatics. [Available at: http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/publications/thesis/online/IM030027.pdf] [TLC]Google Scholar
Mandema, J. W. & Danhof, M. (1992) Electroencephalogram effect measures and relationships between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of centrally acting drugs. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 23(3):191-215. [JFP]Google Scholar
Mandile, P., Vescia, S., Montagnese, P., Piscopo, S., Cotugno, M. & Giuditta, A. (2000) Post-trial sleep sequences including transition sleep are involved in avoidance learning of adult rats. Behavioural Brain Research 112(1-2):23-31. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Maquet, P. (2001) The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science 294(5544):1048-52. [LAF, aMPW]Google Scholar
Maquet, P., Laureys, S., Peigneux, P., Fuchs, S., Petiau, C., Phillips, C., Aerts, J., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Meulemans, T., Luxen, A., Franck, G., Van Der Linden, M., Smith, C. & Cleeremans, A. (2000) Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep. Nature Neuroscience 3(8):831-36. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Maquet, P., Peters, J-M., Aerts, J., Delfiore, G., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A. & Franck, G. (1996) Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature 383(6,596):163-66. [RG, aMPW]Google Scholar
Maquet, P., Schwartz, S., Passingham, R. & Frith, C. (2003) Sleep-related consolidation of a visuomotor skill: Brain mechanisms as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience 23(4):1432-40. [MA, arMPW]Google Scholar
Marczynski, T. J. (1998) GABAergic deafferentation hypothesis of brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease revisited. Brain Research Bulletin 45:341-79. [MAP]Google Scholar
Markowitsch, H. J. (1996) Neuropsychologie des menschlichen Gedachtnisses. Spektrum der Wissenschaft 9:52-61. [MS]Google Scholar
Marrosu, F., Portas, C., Mascia, M. S., Casu, M. A., Fa, M., Giagheddu, M., Imperato, A. & Gessa, G. L. (1995) Microdialysis measurement of cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release during sleep-wake cycle in freely moving cats. Brain Research 671(2):329-32. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Martin, S. E., Engleman, H. M., Deary, I. J. & Douglas, N. J. (1996) The effect of sleep fragmentation on daytime function. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 153:1328-32. [JKF]Google Scholar
Martin, S. J., Grimwood, P. D. & Morris, R. G. (2000) Synaptic plasticity and memory: An evaluation of the hypothesis. Annual Review of Neuroscience 23:649-711. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Marti-Nicolovius, M., Portell-Cortes, I. & Morgado-Bernal, I. (1988) Improvement of shuttle-box avoidance following post-training treatment in paradoxical sleep deprivation platforms in rats. Physiology and Behavior 43(1):93-98. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Mattys, S. L. & Clark, J. H. (2002) Lexical activity in speech processing: Evidence from pause detection. Journal of Memory and Language 47:343-59. [ND]Google Scholar
McClelland, J. L. & Elman, J. L. (1986) The Trace model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology 18:1-86. [ND]Google Scholar
McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L. & O’Reilly, R. C. (1995) Why there are complementary learning-systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review 102(3):419-57. [ND, MK]Google Scholar
McCollough, C. (1965) The conditioning of color-perception. American Journal of Psychology 78:362-78. [BRS]Google Scholar
McDonald, R. J. & White, N. M. (1993) A triple dissociation of memory systems: Hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal striatum. Behavioral Neuroscience 107:3-22. [HSP]Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (2003) The end of stress as we know it. Joseph Henry Press. [JDP]Google Scholar
McGaugh, J. L. (2000) Memory - a century of consolidation. (Review). Science 287(5451):248-51. [MK, arMPW]Google Scholar
Mednick, S. C., Nakayama, K. & Stickgold, R. (2003) Sleep-dependent learning: A nap is as good as a night. Nature Neuroscience 6(7):697-98. [MA, JDP, PP, rMPW]Google Scholar
Mednick, S. C., Nakayama, K., Cantero, J. L., Atienza, M., Levin, A. A., Pathak, N. & Stickgold, R. (2002) The restorative effect of naps on perceptual deterioration. Nature Neuroscience 5(7):677-81. [MA, PP, BRS, arMPW]Google Scholar
Meienberg, P. (1977) The tonic aspects of human REM sleep during long-term intensive verbal learning. Physiological Psychology 5:250-56. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Mendelson, W. B., Cohen, R. M., Campbell, I. C., Murphy, D. L., Gillin, J. C. & Wyatt, R. J. (1982) Lifetime monoamine oxidase inhibition and sleep. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 16(3):429-31. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Messaoudi, E., Kanhema, T., da Silva, B. & Bramham, C. R. (2004) Arc mediates a window of consolidation in long-term synaptic plasticity in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 19(6). [CRB]Google Scholar
Messaoudi, E., Ying, S. W., Kanhema, T., Croll, S. D. & Bramham, C. R. (2002) BDNF triggers transcription-dependent, late phase LTP in vivo. Journal of Neuroscience 22(7):453-61. [CRB]Google Scholar
Micheva, K. D. & Beaulieu, C. (1995) An anatomical substrate for experience-dependent plasticity of the rat barrel field cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92(25):11834-38. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Miller, K. D. & MacKay, D. J. C. (1994) The role of constraints in Hebbian learning. Neural Computation 6:100-26. [GT]Google Scholar
Miller, S., Yasuda, M., Coats, J. K., Jones, Y., Martone, M. E. & Mayford, M. (2002) Disruption of dendritic translation of CaMKIIalpha impairs stabilization of synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Neuron 36:50719. [CRB]Google Scholar
Minot, R., Luthringer, R. & Macher, J. P (1993) Effect of moclobemide on the psychophysiology of sleep/wake cycles: A neuroelectrophysiological study of depressed patients administered with moclobemide. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 7(3-4):181-89. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Miyamoto, H., Katagiri, H. & Hensch, T. (2003) Experience-dependent slow-wave sleep development. Nature Neuroscience 6(6):553-54. [GT]Google Scholar
Montagna, P., Gambetti, P., Cortelli, P. & Lugaresi, E. (2003) Familial and sporadic fatal insomnia. Lancet Neurology 2:167-76. [MAP]Google Scholar
Monti, J. M., Alterwain, P. & Monti, D. (1990) The effects of moclobemide on nocturnal sleep of depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders 20(3):201-08. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Moreira, K. M., Hipolide, D. C., Nobrega, J. N., Bueno, O. F., Tufik, S. & Oliveira, M. G. (2003) Deficits in avoidance responding after paradoxical sleep deprivation are not associated with altered [3H]pirenzepine binding to M1 muscarinic receptors in rat brain. Brain Research 977:31-37. [MAP]Google Scholar
Moruzzi, G. (1966) The functional significance of sleep with regard to the particular brain mechanisms underlying consciousness. In: Brain and conscious experience, ed. Eccles, J. C., pp. 345-88. Springer. [BRS]Google Scholar
Moscovitch, M. (1989) Confabulation and frontal systems: Strategic versus associative retrieval in neuropsychological theories of memory. In: Varieties of memory and consciousness, ed. Roeidger, H. & Craik, F., pp. 133-59. Erlbaum. [JFP]Google Scholar
Muellbacher, W., Ziemann, U., Wissel, J., Dang, N., Kofler, M., Facchini, S., Boroojerdi, B., Poewe, W & Hallett, M. (2002) Early consolidation in human primary motor cortex. Nature 415(6872):640-44. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Muller, R. A., Kleinhans, N., Pierce, K., Kemmotsu, N. & Courchesne, E. (2002) Functional MRI of motor sequence acquisition: Effects of learning stage and performance. Cognitive Brain Research 14(2):277-93. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Naatanen, R., Schroger, E., Karakas, S., Tervaniemi, M. & Paavilainen, P. (1993) Development of a memory trace for a complex sound in the human brain. NeuroReport 4(5):503-506. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Nakanishi, H., Sun, Y., Nakamura, R. K., Mori, K., Ito, M., Suda, S., Namba, H., Storch, F. I., Dang, T. P., Mendelson, W, Mishkin, M., Kennedy, C., Gillin, J. C., Smith, C. B. & Sokoloff, L. (1997) Positive correlations between cerebral protein synthesis rates and deep sleep in Macaca mulatta. European Journal of Neuroscience 9(2):271-79. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Nezafat, R., Shadmehr, R. & Holcomb, H. H. (2001) Long-term adaptation to dynamics of reaching movements: A PET study. Experimental Brain Research 140:66-76. [JD]Google Scholar
Nofzinger, E. A., Mintun, M. A., Wiseman, M., Kupfer, D. J. & Moore, R. Y. (1997) Forebrain activation in REM sleep: An FDG PET study. Brain Research 770(1-2):192-201. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Norris, D. (1994) Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition. Cognition 52:189-234. [ND]Google Scholar
Ohayon, M. M. & Vecchierini, M. F. (2002) Daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment in the elderly population. Archives of Internal Medicine 162:201208. [MAP]Google Scholar
Oleksenko, A. I., Mukhametov, L. M., Polyakova, I. G., Supin, A. Y. & Kovalzon, V. M. (1992) Unihemispheric sleep deprivation in bottlenose dolphins. Journal of Sleep Research 1:40-44. [BRS]Google Scholar
Olson, E. J., Boeve, B. F. & Silber, M. H. (2000) Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings in 93 cases. Brain 123:331-39. [MAP]Google Scholar
Oniani, T. N., Lortkipanidze, N. D. & Maisuradze, L. M. (1987) Interaction between learning and paradoxical sleep in cats. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 17(4):304-10. [aMPW]Google Scholar
O’Reilly, R. C. & Norman, K. A. (2002) Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: Advances in the complementary learning systems framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6:505-10. [ND]Google Scholar
Pace-Schott, E. F. & Hobson, J. A. (2002) The neurobiology of sleep: Genetics, cellular physiology and subcortical networks. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3(8):591-605. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Packard, M. G. & Teather, L. A. (1998) Amygdala modulation of multiple memory systems: Hippocampus and caudate-putamen. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 69:163-203. [HSP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. (1990) Proposing an electrophysiology for state dependent sleep and dream mentation. Associated Professional Sleep Societies Abstracts: p. 134. [JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. (1993a) Neurosignalling: Electrophysiologic volume conduction in the CNS. International Conference on the Cellular Consequences of Sleep Abstracts: p. 606. [ JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. (1993b) Modeling drug actions on electrophysiologic effects produced by EEG modulated potentials. Human Psychopharmacology 8(3):211-16. [JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. (1989) EEG drug effects and sleep - An active electrophysiologic role for the EEG. Associated Professional Sleep Societies Abstracts: p. 180. [JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. (1995) Pharmacologic alteration of sleep and dreams - A clinical framework for using the electrophysiological and sleep stage effects of psychoactive medications. Human Psychopharmacology 11(3):217-24. [JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F., Blagrove, M., Levin, R., States, B., Stickgold, B. & White, S. (2001) Definitions of dream - A paradigm for comparing field descriptive specific studies of dream. Dreaming 11(4):195-202. [JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. & Helfter, P. (2003) Drug induced nightmares - An etiology based review. Human Psychopharmacology and Clinical Experience 18:59-67. [JFP]Google Scholar
Pagel, J. F. & Shocknesse, S. (2004) Polysomnographic variables affecting dream and nightmare recall frequency. Sleep Abstracts 27:A59. [JFP]Google Scholar
Palombo, S. (1978) Dreaming and memory. Basic Books. [RG]Google Scholar
Pascual-Leone, A. (2001) The brain that plays music and is changed by it. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 930:315-29. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Pavlides, C., Greenstein, Y. J., Grudman, M. & Winson, J. (1988) Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is induced preferentially on the positive phase of theta-rhythm. Brain Research 439(1-2):383-87. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Pavlides, C. & Winson, J. (1989) Influences of hippocampal place cell firing in the awake state on the activity of these cells during subsequent sleep episodes. Journal of Neuroscience 9:2907-18. [JMS]Google Scholar
Payne, J. D., Nadel, L., Allen, J. J. B., Thomas, K. G. F. & Jacobs, W. J. (2002) The effects of experimentally-induced stress on false recognition. Memory 10:1-6. [JDP]Google Scholar
Pearlman, C. A. (1969) Effect of rapid eye movement (dreaming) sleep deprivation on retention of avoidance learning in rats. US Naval Submarine Medical Center Report, No. 563, pp. 1-4. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Pearlman, C. A. (1971) Latent learning impaired by REM sleep deprivation. Psychonomic Science 25:135-36. [JMS]Google Scholar
Pearlman, C. A. (1973) Posttrial REM sleep: A critical period for consolidation of shuttlebox avoidance. Animal Learning and Behavior 1:49-51. [RG]Google Scholar
Peigneux, P, Laureys, S., Delbeuck, X. & Maquet, P (2001a) Sleeping brain, learning brain. The role of sleep for memory systems. NeuroReport 12(18):A111-24. [LAF, aMPW]Google Scholar
Peigneux, P, Laureys, S., Fuchs, S., Delbeuck, X., Degueldre, C., Aerts, J., Delfiore, G., Luxen, A. & Maquet, P. (2001b) Generation of rapid eye movements during paradoxical sleep in humans. NeuroImage 14(3):701-708. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Peigneux, P, Laureys, S., Fuchs, S., Destrebecqz, A., Collette, F., Delbeuck, X., Phillips, C., Aerts, J., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., Cleeremans, A., & Maquet, P. (2003) Learned material content and acquisition level modulate cerebral reactivation during posttraining rapid-eye-movements sleep. NeuroImage 20(1):125-34. [PP, MS]Google Scholar
Peyron, C., Wurts, S. W., Srere, H. K., Heller, H. C., Edgar, D. M. & Kilduff, T. (1998) mRNA level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases in several brain regions after sleep deprivation. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 24:1430. [JDP]Google Scholar
Pigeau, R., Naitoh, P., Buguet, A., McCann, C., Baranski, J., Taylor, M., Thompson, M. & Mac, K. I. I. (1995) Modafinil, d-amphetamine and placebo during 64 hours of sustained mental work. I. Effects on mood, fatigue, cognitive performance and body temperature. Journal of Sleep Research 4:212-28. [MAP]Google Scholar
Plihal, W. & Born, J. (1997) Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9(4):534-47. [JDP, PP, CTS, MS, aMPW]Google Scholar
Plihal, W. & Born, J. (1999a) Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on priming and spatial memory. Psychophysiology 36(5):571-82. [JDP, PP, MS]Google Scholar
Plihal, W. & Born, J. (1999b) Memory consolidation in human sleep depends on inhibition of glucocorticoid release. NeuroReport 10(13):2741-47. [JDP, aMPW]Google Scholar
Poe, G. R., Nitz, D. A., McNaughton, B. L. & Barnes, C. A. (2000) Experience-dependent phase-reversal of hippocampal neuron firing during REM sleep. Brain Research 855(1):176-80. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Poldrack, R. A. & Packard, M. G. (2003) Competition among multiple memory systems: Converging evidence from animal and human brain studies. Neuropsychologia 41(3):245-51. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Poldrack, R. A. & Rodriguez, P. (2003) Sequence learning: What’s the hippocampus to do? Neuron 37(6):891-93. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Portas, C. M., Krakow, K., Allen, P, Josephs, O., Armony, J. L. & Frith, C. D. (2000) Auditory processing across the sleep-wake cycle: Simultaneous EEG and fMRI monitoring in humans. Neuron 28(3):991-99. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Portnoff, G., Baekeland, F., Goodenough, D. R., Karacan, I. & Shapiro, A. (1966) Retention of verbal materials perceived immediately prior to onset of non-REM sleep. Perceptual and Motor Skills 22:751-58. [JMS]Google Scholar
Rachal Pugh, C., Fleshner, M., Watkins, L. R., Maier, S. F. & Rudy, J. W. (2001) The immune system and memory consolidation: A role for the cytokine IL-lbeta. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 25(1):29-41. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Ramm, P & Smith, C. T. (1990) Rates of cerebral protein synthesis are linked to slow wave sleep in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 48(5):749-53. [CRB, aMPW]Google Scholar
Rattoni, F. B. & Escobar, M. (2000) Neurobiology of learning. In: International handbook of psychology, vol. xxxii, ed. Pawlik, K. & Rosenzweig, M., p. 629. Sage Publications. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Rauschecker, J. P & Hahn, S. (1987) Ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia blocks consolidation of ocular dominance changes in kitten visual cortex. Nature 326(6109):183-85. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Reber, P J. & Squire, L. R. (1998) Encapsulation of implicit and explicit memory in sequence learning. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10(2):248-63. [HSP]Google Scholar
Rechtschaffen, A. (1998) Current perspectives on the function of sleep. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 41:359-90. [BRS]Google Scholar
Rechtschaffen, A. & Kales, A. (1968) A manual standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Brain Information Service, Brain Research Institute, University of California/U.S. Department of Health. [JDP, aMPW]Google Scholar
Rechtschaffen, A. & Siegel, J. M. (2000) Sleep and dreaming. In: Principles of neuroscience, ed. Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessel, T. M., pp. 936-47. McGraw Hill. [JMS]Google Scholar
Reiser, M. F. (1990) Memory in mind and brain. Basic Books. [RG]Google Scholar
Ribeiro, S., Goyal, V., Mello, C. V & Pavlides, C. (1999) Brain gene expression during REM sleep depends on prior waking experience. Learning and Memory 6(5):500-508. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Ribeiro, S., Mello, C. V., Velho, T., Gardner, T. J., Jarvis, E. D. & Pavlides, C. (2002) Induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation during waking leads to increased extrahippocampal zif-268 expression during ensuing rapid-eye-movement sleep. Journal of Neuroscience 22(24):10914-23. [arMPW]Google Scholar
Rieger, M., Mayer, G. & Gauggel, S. (2003) Attention deficits in patients with narcolepsy. Sleep 26:36-43. [MAP]Google Scholar
Robertson, E. M., Pascual-Leone, A. & Press, D. Z. (2004) Awareness modifies the skill-learning benefits of sleep. Current Biology 14(3):208-12. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Robocup, Soccer League (2004) RoboCup 2004 Humanoid League. Available at: http://www.ais.fraunhofer.de/robocup/HL2004/ [TLC]Google Scholar
Roediger, H. L., Gallo, D. A. & Geraci, L. (2002) Processing approaches to cognition. Memory 10(5/6):319-32. [JAG]Google Scholar
Roth, T., Costa e Silva, J. A. & Chase, M. H. (2000) Sleep and health: Research and clinical perspectives. Sleep 23:S52-53. [MAP]Google Scholar
Rothman, D. L., Behar, K. L., Hyder, F. & Shulman, R. G. (2003) In vivo NMR studies of the glutamate neurotransmitter flux and neuroenergetics: Implications for brain function. Annual Review of Physiology 65:401-27. [GT]Google Scholar
Rouleau, I., Decary, A., Chicoine, A. J. & Montplaisir, J. (2002) Procedural skill learning in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 25:401-11. [JKF]Google Scholar
Saint-Mleux, B., Eggermann, E., Bisetti, A., Bayer, L., Machard, D., Jones, B. E., Muhlethaler, M. & Serafin, M. (2004) Nicotinic enhancement of the noradrenergic inhibition of sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area. Journal of Neuroscience 24:63-67. [MAP]Google Scholar
Sanford, L. D., Silvestri, A. J., Ross, R. J. & Morrison, A. R. (2001) Influence of fear conditioning on elicited ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and rapid eye movement sleep. Archives Italiennes de Biologie 139(3):169-83. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Sateia, M. J. (2003) Neuropsychological impairment and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea. Clinics in Chest Medicine 24:249-59. [MAP]Google Scholar
Schacter, D. L. & Tulving, E. (1994) Memory systems. MIT Press. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Schredl, M. (2000) Body-mind interaction: Dream content and REM sleep physiology. North American Journal of Psychology 2:59-70. [MS]Google Scholar
Schredl, M. (2003) Continuity between waking and dreaming: A proposal for a mathematical model. Sleep and Hypnosis 5:38-52. [MS]Google Scholar
Schredl, M., Weber, B., Braus, D., Gattaz, W. F., Berger, M., Riemann, D. & Heuser, I. (2000) The effect of rivastigmine on sleep in healthy elderly subjects. Experimental Gerontology 35:243-49. [MS]Google Scholar
Schredl, M., Weber, B., Leins, M.-L. & Heuser, I. (2001) Donepezil-induced REM sleep augmentation enhances memory performance in elderly, healthy persons. Experimental Gerontology 36:353-61. [MAP, MS]Google Scholar
Schulz, H. & Wilde-Frenz, J. (1995) The disturbance of cognitive processes in narcolepsy. Journal of Sleep Research 4:10-14. [MAP]Google Scholar
Schwartz, J. H. (2000) Neurotransmitters. In: Principles of neural science, 4th edition, ed. Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessell, T. M., pp. 280-97. McGraw Hill. [JFP]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S., Maquet, P. & Frith, C. (2002) Neural correlates of perceptual learning: A functional MRI study of visual texture discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99(26):17137-42. [MA, aMPW]Google Scholar
Sei, H., Saitoh, D., Yamamoto, K., Morita, K. & Morita, Y. (2000) Differential effect of short-term REM sleep deprivation on NGF and BDNF protein levels in the rat brain. Brain Research 877(2):387-90. [JDP]Google Scholar
Sejnowski, T. J. & Destexhe, A. (2000) Why do we sleep? Brain Research 886(1-2):208-23. [LAF, aMPW]Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. (1970) On generality of laws of learning. Psychological Review 77:406-18. [RG]Google Scholar
Shadmehr, R. & Brashers-Krug, T. (1997) Functional stages in the formation of human long-term motor memory. Journal of Neuroscience 17(1):409-19. [LAF, PP, RPV, aMPW]Google Scholar
Shadmehr, R. & Holcomb, H. H. (1997) Neural correlates of motor memory consolidation. Science 277:821-25. [JD, MA]Google Scholar
Shadmehr, R. & Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A. (1994) Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task. Journal of Neuroscience 14:3208-24. [LAF]Google Scholar
Shaffery, J. P., Oksenberg, A., Marks, G. A., Speciale, S. G., Mihailoff, G. & Roffwarg, H. P (1998) REM sleep deprivation in monocularly occluded kittens reduces the size of cells in LGN monocular segment. Sleep 21(8):837-45. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Shaffery, J. P., Roffwarg, H. P., Speciale, S. G. & Marks, G. A. (1999) Ponto-geniculo-occipital-wave suppression amplifies lateral geniculate nucleus cell-size changes in monocularly deprived kittens. Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research 114(1):109-19. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Shaffery, J. P., Sinton, C. M., Bissette, G., Roffwarg, H. P & Marks, G. A. (2002) Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation modifies expression of long-term potentiation in visual cortex of immature rats. Neuroscience 110(3):431-43. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Shima, K., Nakahama, H. & Yamamoto, M. (1986) Firing properties of two types of nucleus raphe dorsalis neurons during the sleep-waking cycle and their responses to sensory stimuli. Brain Research 399(2):317-26. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Shiromani, P., Gutwein, B. M. & Fishbein, W. (1979) Development of learning and memory in mice after brief paradoxical sleep deprivation. Physiology and Behavior22(5):971-78. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Siegel, J. M. (2000) Brainstem mechanisms generating REM sleep. In: Principles and practice of sleep medicine, 3rd edition, ed. Kryger, M. H., Roth, T. & Dement, W. C., pp. 112-14. Saunders. [JFP]Google Scholar
Siegel, J. M. (1997) The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis. Science 294(5544):1058-63. [JMS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Simard, A. (2004) Caracterisation et optimisation des parametres cognitifs et methodologiques impliques dans la consolidation d’apprentissage d’habiletes motrices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Laval University, Canada. [JD]Google Scholar
Skaggs, W. E. & McNaughton, B. L. (1996) Replay of neuronal firing sequences in rat hippocampus during sleep following spatial experience. Science 271(5257):1870-73. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. (1995) Sleep states and memory processes. Behavioural Brain Research 69(1-2):137-45. [CTS, aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. (1999) Sleep states and memory processes in humans: Procedural versus declarative memory systems. Sleep Medicine Reviews 5(6):491-506. [JAG, JMS, RPV, aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. & Butler, S. (1982) Paradoxical sleep at selective times following training is necessary for learning. Physiology and Behavior 29(3):469-73. [RG, aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. & Kelly, G. (1988) Paradoxical sleep deprivation applied two days after end of training retards learning. Physiology and Behavior43(2):213-16. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. & Lapp, L. (1986) Prolonged increases in both PS and number of REMS following a shuttle avoidance task. Physiology and Behavior 36(6):1053-57. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. & MacNeill, C. (1994) Impaired motor memory for a pursuit rotor task following Stage 2 sleep loss in college students. Journal of Sleep Research 3(4):206-13. [CTS, arMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. & Rose, G. M. (2000) Evaluating the relationship between REM and memory consolidation: A need for scholarship and hypothesis testing. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:1007-1008. [RPV]Google Scholar
Smith, C., Tenn, C. & Annett, R. (1991) Some biochemical and behavioural aspects of the paradoxical sleep window. Canadian Journal of Psychology 45(2):115-24. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C. & Weeden, K. (1990) Post training REMs coincident auditory stimulation enhances memory in humans. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa 15(2):85-90. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Smith, C., Young, J. & Young, W. (1980) Prolonged increases in paradoxical sleep during and after avoidance-task acquisition. Sleep 3(1):67-81. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Soderling, T. R. (1993) Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: role in learning and memory. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 127-128:93-101. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Soderling, T. R. & Derkach, V A. (2000) Postsynaptic protein phosphorylation and LTP. Trends in Neuroscience 23(2):75-80. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Squire, L. R. (1986) Mechanisms of memory. Science 232:1612-19. [BRS]Google Scholar
Squire, L. R., Cohen, N. J. & Zouzounis, J. A. (1984) Preserved memory in retrograde amnesia: Sparing of a recently acquired skill. Neuropsychologia 22(2):145-52. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Squire, L. R. & Zola, S. M. (1996) Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93(24):13515-22. [JAG, aMPW]Google Scholar
Steiger, A., Benkert, O. & Holsboer, F. (1994) Effects of long-term treatment with the MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide on sleep EEG and nocturnal hormonal secretion in normal men. Neuropsychobiology 30(2-3):101-105. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Steiger, A., Holsboer, F. & Benkert, O. (1987) Effects of brofaremine (CGP 11 305A), a short-acting, reversible, and selective inhibitor of MAO-A on sleep, nocturnal penile tumescence and nocturnal hormonal secretion in three healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 92(1):110-14. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Steriade, M. (1997) Synchronized activities of coupled oscillators in the cerebral cortex and thalamus at different levels of vigilance. Cerebral Cortex 7:583604. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Steriade, M. (1999) Coherent oscillations and short-term plasticity in corticothalamic networks. Trends in Neuroscience 22(8):337-45. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Steriade, M. (2001) The intact and sliced brain. MIT Press. [JFP, aMPW]Google Scholar
Steriade, M. (2003) The corticothalamic system in sleep. Frontiers in Bioscience 8:D878-99. [GT]Google Scholar
Steriade, M. & Amzica, F. (1998) Coalescence of sleep rhythms and their chronology in corticothalamic networks. Sleep Research Online 1(1):110. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Steriade, M., Contreras, D., Amzica, F. & Timofeev, I. (1996) Synchronization of fast (30-40 Hz) spontaneous oscillations in intrathalamic and thalamocortical networks. Journal of Neuroscience 16(8):2788-808. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Steriade, M., McCormick, D. A. & Sejnowski, T. J. (1993) Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Psychiatry Research 49(2):139-50. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Stern, W. (1970) The D-state, dreaming, and memory. In: Sleep and dreaming, ed. Hartmann, E., pp. 249-57. Little, Brown. [RG]Google Scholar
Steward, O. & Schuman, E. M. (2003) Compartmentalized synthesis and degradation of proteins in neurons. Neuron 40:347-59. [CRB]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R. (1998) Sleep: Off-line memory reprocessing. Trends in Cognitive Science2(12):484-92. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R. (2000) Inclusive versus exclusive approaches to sleep and dream research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:1011-13. [RPV]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R. (2002) EMDR: A putative neurobiological mechanism of action. Journal of Clinical Psychology 58(1):61-75. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R., Cain, M., Goff, D. C. & Manoach, D. S. (2003) Schizophrenic patients do not show sleep-dependent motor skill learning. Sleep 26(Abstract Suppl.):A444. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R., Hobson, J. A., Fosse, R. & Fosse, M. (2001) Sleep, learning, and dreams: Off-line memory reprocessing. Science 294(5544):1052-57. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R., James, L. & Hobson, J. A. (2000a) Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training. Nature Neuroscience 3(12):1237-38. [JD, PP, JMS, arMPW]Google Scholar
Stickgold, R., Whidbee, D., Schirmer, B., Patel, V. & Hobson, J. A. (2000b) Visual discrimination task improvement: A multi-step process occurring during sleep. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12(2):246-54. [MA, JD, LAF, PP, BRS, CTS, JMS, MS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Taylor, J., ed. (1958) Selected writings of John Hughlings Jackson, vol 2, pp. 11718. Basic Books. [AC]Google Scholar
Tholey, P (1981) Empirische Untersuchungen uber Klartraume. Gestalt Theory 3(1-2): 21-62. [MS]Google Scholar
Tilley, A. J. & Empson, J. A. (1978) REM sleep and memory consolidation. Biological Psychology 6(4):293-300. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Tononi, G. & Cirelli, C. (2001) Some considerations on sleep and neural plasticity. Archives Italiennes de Biologie 139(3):221-41. [GT, aMPW]Google Scholar
Tononi, G. & Cirelli, C. (2003) Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: A hypothesis. Brain Research Bulletin 62(2):143-50. [GT]Google Scholar
Trachtenberg, J. T. & Stryker, M. P. (2001) Rapid anatomical plasticity of horizontal connections in the developing visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 21(10):3476-82. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In: Organization of memory, ed. Tulving, E. & Donaldson, W.. Academic Press. [JAG, aMPW]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1985) How many memory systems are there? American Psychologist 40:38598. [JAG]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. & Markowitsch, H. J. (1998) Episodic and declarative memory: Role of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 8:198-204. [JAG]Google Scholar
Turner, D. C., Robbins, T. W., Clark, L., Aron, A. R., Dowson, J. & Sahakian, B. J. (2003) Cognitive enhancing effects of modafinil in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 165:260-69. [MAP]Google Scholar
Turrigiano, G. G. (1999) Homeostatic plasticity in neuronal networks: The more things change, the more they stay the same. Trends in Neuroscience 22(5):221-27. [GT]Google Scholar
Turrigiano, G. G. & Nelson, S. B. (2004) Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system. National Review of Neuroscience 5(2):97-107. [MK]Google Scholar
Tweed, S., Aubrey, J. B., Nader, R. & Smith, C. T. (1999) Deprivation of REM sleep or stage 2 sleep differentially affects cognitive procedural and motor procedural memory. Sleep 22(Suppl. 1):H392.I. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Underwood, B. J. (1966) Experimental psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [AC]Google Scholar
Ungerleider, L. G., Doyon, J. & Karni, A. (2002) Imaging brain plasticity during motor skill learning. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 78:553-64. [MA]Google Scholar
Vertes, R. P. & Eastman, K. E. (2000a) The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23(6):867-76. (Special Issue.) [JAG, JMS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Vertes, R. P. & Eastman, K. E. (2000b) REM sleep is not committed to memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:1057-63. (Special Issue.) [RPV]Google Scholar
Vertes, R. P. & Eastman, K. E. (2003) The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep. In: Sleep and dreaming, ed. Pace-Schott, E. F., Solms, M., Blagrove, M. & Harnad, S., pp. 7584. Cambridge University Press. [AC]Google Scholar
Villarreal, D. M., Do, V., Haddad, E. & Derrick, B. E. (2002) NMDA receptor antagonists sustain LTP and spatial memory: active processes mediate LTP decay. Nature Neuroscience 5:48-52. [CRB]Google Scholar
Wagner, U., Gais, S. & Born, J. (2001) Emotional memory formation is enhanced across sleep intervals with high amounts of rapid eye movement sleep. Learning and Memory 8(2):112-19. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Hobson, J. A. & Stickgold, R. (2003a) Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Nature 425(6958):616-20. [MA, MK, PP, arMPW]Google Scholar
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A. & Stickgold, R. (2002) Practice with sleep makes perfect: Sleep dependent motor skill learning. Neuron 35(1):205-11. [JD, ND, LAF, PP, BRS, CTS, JMS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Seidman, J., Morgan, A., Hobson, J. A. & Stickgold, R. (2003b) Sleep and the time course of motor skill learning. Learning and Memory 10(4):275-84. [JD, LAF, PP, MS, RPV, arMPW]Google Scholar
Walker, M. P., Stickgold, R., Jolesz, F. A. & Yoo, S. S. (2005) The functional anatomy of sleep-dependent visual skill learning. Cerebral Cortex [Epub] [rMPW]Google Scholar
Walker, M. P, Stickgold, R., Alsop, D., Gaab, N. & Schlaug, G. (in press) Sleep-dependent plasticity and motor skill learning in the human brain. Neuroscience. [rMPW]Google Scholar
Wang, J., Caspary, D. & Salvi, R. J. (2000) GABA-A antagonist causes dramatic expansion of tuning in primary auditory cortex. NeuroReport 11(5):1137-40. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Wiggs, C. L. & Martin, A. (1998) Properties and mechanisms of perceptual priming. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 8:227-33. [BRS]Google Scholar
Wilcock, G., Howe, I., Coles, H., Lilienfeld, S., Truyen, L., Zhu, Y., Bullock, R. & Kershaw, P. (2003) A long-term comparison of galantamine and donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Drugs and Aging 20:777-89. [MAP]Google Scholar
Wilson, A. L., Langley, L. K., Monley, J., Bauer, T., Rottunda, S., McFalls, E., Kovera, C. & McCarten, J. R. (1995) Nicotine patches in Alzheimer’s disease: Pilot study on learning, memory, and safety. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 51:509-14. [MAP]Google Scholar
Wilson, C. J. (1992) Dendritic morphology, inward rectification and the functional properties of neostriatal neurons. In: Single neuron computation, ed. McKenna, T., Davis, J. & Zornetzer, S. F., pp. 141-71. Academic. [HSP]Google Scholar
Wilson, M. A. & McNaughton, B. L. (1994) Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep. Science 265(5172):676-79. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z. & Jordan, M. I. (1995) An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science 269:1880-82. [LAF]Google Scholar
Woo, N. H. & Nguyen, P. V. (2003) Protein synthesis is required for synaptic immunity to depotentiation. Journal of Neuroscience 23:1125-32. [CRB]Google Scholar
Yin, Y., Edelman, G. M. & Vanderklish, P W. (2002) The brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances synthesis of Arc in synaptoneurosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:2368-73. [CRB]Google Scholar
Ying, S. W., Futter, M., Rosenblum, K., Webber, M. J., Hunt, S. P, Bliss, T. V. & Bramham, C. R. (2002) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces long-term potentiation in intact adult hippocampus: requirement for ERK activation coupled to CREB and upregulation of Arc synthesis. Journal of Neuroscience 22(5):1532-40. [CRB, GT]Google Scholar
Zheng, T. & Wilson, C. J. (2002) Corticostriatal combinatorics: The implications of corticostriatal axonal arborizations. Journal of Neurophysiology 87:1007-17. [HSP]Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J. T., Stoyva, J. M. & Metcalf, D. (1970) Distorted visual feedback and augmented REM sleep. Psychophysiology 7:298-303. [aMPW]Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J. T., Stoyva, J. M. & Reite, M. L. (1978) Spatially rearranged vision and REM sleep: A lack of effect. Biological Psychiatry 13(3):301-16. [aMPW]Google Scholar